Effect of electric heating and ice added to the bowl on mainstream waterpipe semivolatile furan and other toxicant yields

Brinkman, Marielle C.; Teferra, Andreas A.; Kassem, Noura O.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054961

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Moreover, we have previously shown that continuous monitoring of CBF in lung epithelial cells exposed to CS revealed temporal fluctuations, with the appearance of CBF curve inflections in cells, minutes and hours into the recovery time [ 20 ]. Thus, while it could be attributed to distinct components present in the TW smoke [ 59 ], it is also entirely plausible that chronic exposures to TW would cause decreases in CBF, similar to that seen with EC and CS. We are currently planning to test this in our laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, electronic cigarette and waterpipe on human lung epithelial barrier function

et al. 2020

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Background Taking into consideration a recent surge of a lung injury condition associated with electronic cigarette use, we devised an in vitro model of sub-chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in air-liquid interface, to determine deterioration of epithelial cell barrier from sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), e-cigarette aerosol (EC), and tobacco waterpipe exposures (TW). Methods Products analyzed include commercially available e-liquid, with 0% or 1.2% concentration of nicotine, tobacco blend (shisha), and reference-grade cigarette (3R4F). In one set of experiments, HBECs were exposed to EC (0 and 1.2%), CS or control air for 10 days using 1 cigarette/day. In the second set of experiments, exposure of pseudostratified primary epithelial tissue to TW or control air exposure was performed 1-h/day, every other day, until 3 exposures were performed. After 16–18 h of last exposure, we investigated barrier function/structural integrity of the epithelial monolayer with fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran flux assay (FITC-Dextran), measurements of trans-electrical epithelial resistance (TEER), assessment of the percentage of moving cilia, cilia beat frequency (CBF), cell motion, and quantification of E-cadherin gene expression by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results When compared to air control, CS increased fluorescence (FITC-Dextran assay) by 5.6 times, whereby CS and EC (1.2%) reduced TEER to 49 and 60% respectively. CS and EC (1.2%) exposure reduced CBF to 62 and 59%, and cilia moving to 47 and 52%, respectively, when compared to control air. CS and EC (1.2%) increased cell velocity compared to air control by 2.5 and 2.6 times, respectively. The expression of E-cadherin reduced to 39% of control air levels by CS exposure shows an insight into a plausible molecular mechanism. Altogether, EC (0%) and TW exposures resulted in more moderate decreases in epithelial integrity, while EC (1.2%) substantially decreased airway epithelial barrier function comparable with CS exposure. Conclusions The results support a toxic effect of sub-chronic exposure to EC (1.2%) as evident by disruption of the bronchial epithelial cell barrier integrity, whereas further research is needed to address the molecular mechanism of this observation as well as TW and EC (0%) toxicity in chronic exposures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, electronic cigarette and waterpipe on human lung epithelial barrier function

et al. 2020

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“…The amount of additive transfer from waterpipe tobacco to smoke was not found to be strongly dependent on any single physicochemical property but 39% of the transfer rate variance can be explained collectively by the additive boiling point, molecular weight, vapor pressure and water solubility. Indeed, waterpipe smoking is a complex process, dependent on several parameters e.g., heating source, temperature, charcoal type, number of charcoal pieces used [13] , [5] , user puff profile, waterpipe size/ shape and tobacco composition [1] , [16] , [17] , [2] . Erythropel et al [7] had reported that ‘water solubility probably only plays a minor role for determining the “efficiency” of the filtration step’.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the transfer rate of waterpipe additives to smoke as an integral part of toxicological risk assessments

Holt¹,

Mayer-Helm

Gafner³

et al. 2022

Toxicology Reports

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“…The volume of smoke inhaled during a 1-hour session of WP smoking is about 200 times the volume that is drawn from smoking one cigarette 7,8 . Also, one WP smoking session can yield two, five and ten times the amount of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide (CO), respectively [7][8][9] , and produces larger amounts of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and semi-volatile furans compared to yields from smoking one cigarette [9][10][11] . Therefore, the associations between WP smoking and chronic respiratory diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, lung cancer, oral and gastrointestinal cancers, and other cancers are not unexpected and are similar to the adverse health effects of cigarette smoking 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adverse health effects of waterpipe smoking in adolescents and young adults: A narrative review

Adetona¹,

Mok²,

Rajczyk³

et al. 2021

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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Waterpipe (WP) smoking has rapidly grown in popularity in the United States and other Western countries with the fastest uptake among younger individuals. This growth has been encouraged by the misperception that WP smoke is harmless or less harmful than cigarette smoke. To better understand how WP affects the health of young people, we conducted a narrative review of the literature focusing on the adverse health effects of WP smoking in adolescents and younger adults. We searched scientific literature databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web and selected papers that met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-three papers met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. Data were abstracted from the selected papers into a standardized table. The evidence demonstrates that WP smoking can cause acute lung infection and injury, and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, in adolescents and young adults. It is also associated with adverse subclinical effects in this sub-population, including oral and systemic genotoxicity, lung function decline, and the alteration of vascular and hemodynamic functions. Limited evidence that is available indicates associations with psychological and neurological effects and asthma. No identified publications examined the association between WP use and type 2 diabetes, a condition that is associated with cigarette smoking among young people. WP smoking by younger individuals can result in their hospitalization due to systemic CO poisoning and acute lung disease, and induce subclinical adverse effects in the oral cavity, pulmonary system, and in circulation, that are involved in the pathogenesis of local and systemic chronic diseases.

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Effect of electric heating and ice added to the bowl on mainstream waterpipe semivolatile furan and other toxicant yields

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, electronic cigarette and waterpipe on human lung epithelial barrier function

Effect of sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, electronic cigarette and waterpipe on human lung epithelial barrier function

Investigating the transfer rate of waterpipe additives to smoke as an integral part of toxicological risk assessments

The adverse health effects of waterpipe smoking in adolescents and young adults: A narrative review

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