Investigating the transfer rate of waterpipe additives to smoke as an integral part of toxicological risk assessments

Holt, J.C. Miller; Mayer-Helm, B.; Gafner, Jeremie; Zierlinger, M.; Hirn, C.; Paschke, Thilo; Eilenberger, G.; Kuba, M.; Pummer, S.; Charriere, M.

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.022

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…One manufacturer, M2 in Table 1, added an approximately equal weight of propylene glycol to its loading of glycerol. Propylene glycol has a much lower boiling point than glycerol and a much higher transfer rate than does glycerol (8). This allows the smoker to get early puffs as the shisha is heated to the temperature required for glycerol alone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical formula for shisha is 60% glycerol, 20% tobacco, 10% invert sugar syrup, and 10% propylene glycol (PG). This PG simulates the PG and flavor concentrates that are used when making a shisha that has flavors with low transfer rates such as para-tolualdehyde, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, benzaldehyde, para-anisaldehyde, and menthol (8). While glycerol levels in commercial products range from 30 to 70% of product weight, we made our recipe with 60% glycerol (VG).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waterpipe Tobaccos, Part I. Composition of Forty Brand-Styles of Contemporary Waterpipe Tobacco Available on the US Market in 2020–2022

Lauterbach

2024

Contributions to Tobacco &Amp; Nicotine Research

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Summary The compositions of waterpipe tobaccos available for retail sale on the US market are relatively unknown compared with more popular products such as cigarettes. Indeed, the phrase “waterpipe tobaccos” is used only in some governmental regulations and in journal articles dealing with regulatory aspects of those products. Commercially, the terms “shisha”, “hookah tobaccos”, and “flavored tobaccos” are used. In addition to the differences in commercial terminology, there is also confusion about the composition of such tobaccos, with the term “waterpipe tobacco” also being applied to products on the market that do not contain enough glycerol to prevent combustion during use. Therefore, during the past several years, 40 samples of shisha products on the US market were sent to an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory for the determination of glycerol, propylene glycol, fructose, glucose, and sucrose, in addition to the usual tobacco analytes and water using the Karl Fischer method. Moreover, two surrogate samples of shisha tobacco, one based on flue-cured tobacco and the other based on dark air-cured tobacco, were analyzed by the same laboratory along with samples of the starting tobaccos. The main finding from these analyses was that there were two very different types of shisha tobaccos on the market. One type was based on dark air-cured tobacco and the other type was based on flue-cured tobacco. Among the brand-styles based on flue-cured tobacco, some had higher levels of glycerol and lower levels of added sugars than others that had higher added sugars and lower levels of glycerol. Another important point of differentiation was that the products based on dark air-cured tobacco had much smaller tobacco particle sizes than did those based on flue-cured tobacco. The results of this research as well as other research that will be presented in two subsequent reports showed that waterpipe tobaccos cannot be considered as a single product category. This is particularly true for the determination of emissions using the instrumentation specified in ISO 22486:2019 (Water pipe tobacco smoking machine — Definitions and standard conditions).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterpipe Tobaccos, Part I. Composition of Forty Brand-Styles of Contemporary Waterpipe Tobacco Available on the US Market in 2020–2022

Lauterbach

2024

Contributions to Tobacco &Amp; Nicotine Research

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A Waterpipe is not a Cigarette, it is not Even a Conventional Pipe

Lauterbach¹

2022

Contributions to Tobacco &Amp; Nicotine Research

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Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning—The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions

Hussein

2022

IJERPH

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Tobacco smoking and incense burning are commonly used in Jordanian microenvironments. While smoking in Jordan is prohibited inside closed spaces, incense burning remains uncontrolled. In this study, particle size distributions (diameter 0.01–25 µm) were measured and inhaled deposited dose rates were calculated during typical smoking and incense stick-burning scenarios inside a closed room, and the exposure was summarized in terms of number and mass concentrations of submicron (PNSub) and fine particles (PM2.5). During cigarette smoking and incense stick-burning scenarios, the particle number concentrations exceeded 3 × 105 cm−3. They exceeded 5 × 105 cm−3 during shisha smoking. The emission rates were 1.9 × 1010, 6.8 × 1010, and 1.7 × 1010 particles/s, respectively, for incense, cigarettes, and shisha. That corresponded to about 7, 80, and 120 µg/s, respectively. Males received higher dose rates than females, with about 75% and 55% in the pulmonary/alveolar during walking and standing, respectively. The total dose rates were in the order of 1012–1013 #/h (103–104 µg/h), respectively, for PNSub and PM2.5. The above reported concentrations, emissions rates, and dose rates are considered seriously high, recalling the fact that aerosols emitted during such scenarios consist of a vast range of toxicant compounds.

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Investigating the transfer rate of waterpipe additives to smoke as an integral part of toxicological risk assessments

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Waterpipe Tobaccos, Part I. Composition of Forty Brand-Styles of Contemporary Waterpipe Tobacco Available on the US Market in 2020–2022

Waterpipe Tobaccos, Part I. Composition of Forty Brand-Styles of Contemporary Waterpipe Tobacco Available on the US Market in 2020–2022

A Waterpipe is not a Cigarette, it is not Even a Conventional Pipe

Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning—The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions

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