Effect of EDTA, sodium, and calcium hypochlorite on the inorganic component of root canal dentin: A SEM analysis

Abstract

This study evaluated the influence of canal irrigation protocols with 5.25% calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl) 2 ], 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA solution on the inorganic component of root canal dentin. Sixty roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): Saline solution (SS) (control); Saline solution (SSE) +17% EDTA; CH − 5.25% Ca(OCl) 2 ; CHE − 5.25% Ca(OCl) 2 + 17% EDTA; SH − 5.25% NaOCl; SHE − 5.25% NaOCl +17% EDTA. After canal irrigation, the specimens were longitudinally split and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dentinal tubules were observed in transverse (middle and apical thirds) direction. The images were classified in scores, according to smear layer removal and peritubular dentin alteration, and data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis's test, followed by Dunn's test (α = 0.05). In the middle third, all groups with EDTA presented better removal of the smear layer with higher peritubular dentin alteration (p < .05). In the apical third, this happened only in SHE (p < .05).Ca(OCl) 2 and NaOCl exhibit similar performance to remove smear layer and alteration of the inorganic component in the middle third. In the apical third, NaOCl associated with EDTA showed better performance in smear layer removal.

Microscopic evaluation of the dentinal walls of extracted human teeth following electrochemical dissolution of fragmented nickel–titanium instruments

“…After the chemical solutions were used in endodontic procedures (Cardoso, Baldasso, Delai, Montagner, & Kopper, ), the dentine structure, such as the amount of dentinal tubule openings, may be altering the calcium/phosphorus ratio of the dentine surface (Amaral et al, ). On the other hand, the chemical reactions can be impregnating into the dentinal tubules.…”

SEM Evaluation of Tooth Surface after a Composite Filling Removal Using Er:YAG Laser, Drills with and without Curettes, and Optional EDTA or NaOCl Conditioning

“…According to studies by other authors, it is not possible to remove the smear layer with the use of NaOCl alone without chelators [ 44 ]. Nevertheless, NaOCl is a good complement to EDTA and citric acid because, in addition to dissolving the organic part of the smear layer, it leads to decontamination of the tooth surface [ 45 ]. In the present study we did not include the combination of NaOCl and EDTA, because the dentin surface irradiated by erbium laser was free of the smear layer.…”

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Calcium and Sodium Hypochlorite at Different Concentrations on a Biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans: An In Vitro Comparative Study

“…[3][4][5][6] These microorganisms have a high survival rate and both show tolerance to the conditions of adverse environments, making eradication difficult, in addition to being an excellent lubricant, favoring the action of the instruments, it has a low surface tension, half-life of prolonged storage but also presents cytotoxic characteristics. 8,10,11 Therefore, this study seeks to verify that Ca(ClO) 2 which is a more stable chemical compound, contains a higher concentration of chlorine in concentrations of 2.5% and 5.5% compared to NaClO under the same conditions, making eradication difficult. In addition to being an excellent lubricant, NaClO favors the action of the instruments, has a low surface tension and a prolonged half-life for storage, and also presents cytotoxic characteristics.…”

“…In addition to being an excellent lubricant, NaClO favors the action of the instruments, has a low surface tension and a prolonged half-life for storage, and also presents cytotoxic characteristics. 8,10,11 This study aimed to verify whether Ca(ClO) 2 , which is a more stable chemical compound and contains higher concentrations of chlorine at concentrations of 2.5% and 5.5%, is more effective compared to NaClO under the same conditions. Several laboratory methods can be used to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents in vitro, one of these being the agar diffusion technique.…”

“…[5][6][7] Irrigation during endodontic treatment is one of the determining factors of successful treatment, being a complement to mechanical maneuver or instrumentation in the different root canals since it helps with the removal of pulp tissues and serves as a lubricant, in addition to having antibacterial action against the different aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms present in the canals as well as bacterial toxins in the duct system. [8][9][10][11][12] For these reasons, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) has become the main irrigator used during endodontic treatment. At its different concentrations, this compound complies with most of the previously mentioned characteristics such as lubricant, disinfectant, and excellent organic tissue solvent.…”