Effect of Dry Period Overconditioning on Subsequent Metabolic Disorders and Performance of Dairy Cows

Fronk, Thomas J.; Schultz, L.H.; Hardie, A.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(80)83050-5

Cited by 143 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…An overconditioning during the drying-off period has especially negative effects. In his study, Fronk et al (1980) proves that after calving over-conditioned cows responded with significantly higher insulin and NEFA blood levels and stronger reductions of weight than the control animals of the same trials with normal weight. The improved energy balance of the CM and DS cows was confirmed by the ultrasonographically measured decrease in body fat after calving: Whereas the D cows strongly mobilised their body reserves, the CM and DS cows had to rely on the mobilisation of body fat as an energy source to a lesser extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

Köpf

Gellrich

Küchenhoff

et al. 2014

animal

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The objective of this field study with an automatic milking system was to evaluate the effects of omitting the dry period on health and productivity during the subsequent lactation in dairy cows. A total of 98 German Simmental cows of six Southern German farms were assigned randomly to two experimental groups: The first group was dried-off 56 days before calving (D for dried-off, n = 49), and the second group was milked continuously during this period until calving (CM for continuous milking, n = 49). From the latter a third group emerged, including cows that dried-off themselves spontaneously (DS for dried-off spontaneously, n = 14). Blood serum values of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and IGF-1 showed most pronounced fluctuations in D cows. Over the entire study period, the concentrations of BHBA and NEFA were markedly lower in the CM and DS groups. Furthermore, IGF-1 concentration was lowest for D cows and also decrease in back fat thickness was more pronounced. Mean concentration of milk protein was markedly higher in CM and DS cows (3.70% and 3.71%) compared with D cows (3.38%). Owing to the lower 305-day milk yield (−15.6%) and the lower total milk yield (−3.1%), the total amount of produced protein in the subsequent lactation was 2.5% (6.8 kg) lower, although the additional protein amount in CM cows from week −8 to calving was 35.7 kg. The greatest benefit resulted from positive effects on fertility and the lower incidence of diseases: CM cows had their first oestrus 1 week earlier compared with D cows, they also conceived earlier and showed a significantly lower risk of developing hypocalcaemia, ketosis and puerperal disorders. The present study showed that the costs of medical treatment and milk losses were twice as high in D cows, compared with CM and DS cows, and thus the reduced costs because of the more stable health outweighed the financial losses of milk yield by + 18.49 € per cow and lactation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

Köpf

Gellrich

Küchenhoff

et al. 2014

animal

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“…Residual glycogen generally lasts only a few hours, hence fat reserves quickly become the sole source of energy soon after calving. Mobilization of fatty acid results in an increase of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol in blood [2,28,89,91,113]. NEFA is taken up by the liver and enters the beta-oxidation pathway that results in the formation of NADH and acetyl-CoA in mitochondria [6,58].…”

Section: Ketogenesis In Negative Energy Balance Cows During the Postpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperketonemia and the impairment of udder defense: a review

et al. 2000

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-The objective of this study was to review the possible relationships between hyperketonemia and the function of phagocytes with respect to the bovine udder defense mechanism. We hypothesize that an increased incidence of clinical mastitis in high-producing cows is caused by the impairment of the udder defense mechanism during hyperketonemia. First, we review the acute phase of udder defense mechanisms after intramammary infection. The physiological changes of cows in negative energy balance are subsequently discussed. Finally, possible relationships between udder defense and physiological changes during negative energy balance, especially hyperketonemia, are reviewed. The three stages of an acute phase of udder defense are: (1) immediately eliminating invading pathogens by phagocytes, (2) releasing inflammatory substances, especially chemoattractants, and (3) migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the infected udder. Leukocytes from hyperketonemia subjects show a lower capacity of the phagocytic defense mechanism. In addition, the phagocytic and bactericidal capacities of neutrophils are reduced when these cells are acting in the presence of high concentrations of ketone bodies. Lower amounts of cytokine production after bacterial infection are observed in ketotic subjects. The chemotactic capacity of blood leukocytes is impaired in leukocytes obtained from ketotic cows. Lower numbers of blood leukocytes are observed in ketotic cows. In conclusion, the impairment of the udder defense mechanism in negative energy balance cows seems related to hyperketonemia. ketosis / negative energy balance / mastitis / udder defense mechanism / cow Résumé -Hypercétonémie et diminution des défenses mammaires : une synthèse. L'objectif de cette étude est de présenter des relations possibles entre l'hypercétonémie et la fonction des phagocytes pour ce qui est des mécanismes de défense de la mamelle. Notre hypothèse est qu'une Vet. Res. 31 (2000) 397-412 397

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“…Le rapport « AGNE mobilisés/glycérol mobilisé » est supérieur à 3 (Yang et Baldwin, 1973a ;Etherton et al, 1977) (Reynaert et al, 1975(Reynaert et al, , 1977 (Smith et Dastur, 1938 ;Luick et Smith, 1963 ;Decaen et Journet, 1967 ;Decaen et Adda, 1970 ;Rémond et Journet, 1970 ;Mulder, 1971 ;Rémond et al, 1973 ;Stobbs et Brett, 1974 ;Wittenburg et al, 1974 ;Brumby et al, 1975 ;Storry et al, 1980 ;Syrstad et al, 1982 ;Halse et al, 1983). Ces augmentations dans le lait sont la résultante de plusieurs phénomènes : limitation du volume de lait sécrété (qui est surtout lié à la synthèse du lactose donc à la disponibilité en glucose) ; augmentation du prélèvement dAGNE par les cellules mammaires (Kronfeld, 1965 ;Varman et Schultz, 1968 ;Schwalm et al, 1972 ;Linzell, 1974) Rakes, 1969 ;Lenkeit, 1972 ;Farries, 1975Farries, , 1982Roberts et al, 1978 ;Fronk et al, 1980 ;Treacher et al, 1986). Naturellement, cette tendance est exacerbée chez les vaches grasses sous-alimentées après le vêlage (Larnicol et al, 1984 ;Rayssiguier et al, 1986b) Les mécanismes conduisant à une diminution de l'ingestion chez les vaches grasses n'ont pas été démontrés.…”

Section: Préambuleunclassified

Revue bibliographique : Variations quantitatives et métabolisme des lipides dans les tissus adipeux et le foie au cours du cycle gestation-lactation 2e partie : chez la brebis et la vache

Chilliard¹

1987

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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(cf. I.N.R.A., 1978) Par rapport à la ratte, qui a fait l'objet de la première partie de cette revue bibliographique (Chilliard, 1986), les ruminants présentent des particularités digestives qui conditionnent largement, par la nature des nutriments absorbés, l'orientation de leur métabolisme. En effet, les aliments qu'ils ingèrent, riches en parois végétales, séjournent pendant 15 à 48 h dans le rumen-réseau (dont le contenu est de 60 à 100 I chez le bovin adulte), où ils subissent une dégradation plus ou moins complète sous l'action des enzymes sécrétées par les micro-organismes qui y pullulent (10 10 par ml).Les (Basset, 1975). Le métabolisme des lipides dans le foie de ruminant a été décrit par Rémésy et al. (1984, 1986 Ballard, 1967Ballard et al., 1969Ballard et al., , 1972Hood et a/., 1972 ; Ingle et al., 1972a, b ;Vézinhet, 1976 ;Liepa et al., 1978 ;Prior, 1978 ;Smith et Crouse, 1984

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Effect of Dry Period Overconditioning on Subsequent Metabolic Disorders and Performance of Dairy Cows

Cited by 143 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

Hyperketonemia and the impairment of udder defense: a review

Revue bibliographique : Variations quantitatives et métabolisme des lipides dans les tissus adipeux et le foie au cours du cycle gestation-lactation 2e partie : chez la brebis et la vache

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