Revue bibliographique : Variations quantitatives et métabolisme des lipides dans les tissus adipeux et le foie au cours du cycle gestation-lactation 2e partie : chez la brebis et la vache

Chilliard, Yves

doi:10.1051/rnd:19870301

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 301 publications

(322 reference statements)

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“…Nutritional constraint can for example be reinforced by restricting feed at the start of lactation. In this case, analysing the responses of dairy females to underfeeding at the start of lactation [24,25,32] again demonstrates the cows' adaptive capacity, at least in the medium term. In the case of moderate under-feeding (85−90% of energy requirements covered) for 4 to 11 weeks post-partum in the dairy female (cow, ewe), the reduction in energy exported in milk is less than the deficit in Figure 3.…”

Section: Characterisation Of the Physiological Processes Involved In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The state of body reserves and the ability of the female to mobilise them at the start of lactation play an important role in the expression of dairy potential. But the loss of adipose mass at the start of lactation can be very variable insofar as the relative underfeeding level depends on the milk production level, the animal's appetite and the feed input level [24,25]. Nevertheless, a loss of 10 to 40% of adipose mass is classically observed during the first six weeks of lactation in cows and ewes.…”

Section: Characterisation Of the Physiological Processes Involved In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive abilities of the females and sustainability of ruminant livestock systems. A review

Blanc

Bocquier²,

Agabriel

et al. 2006

Anim. Res.

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-In a systemic approach, the breeder can be considered as the decisional component of the livestock system, whereas animals are usually depicted to be part of its biotechnical component. The animal itself is a biological system whose ability to survive, grow, reproduce and cope with the environnement and livestock practices play a major role in the ability of the livestock system to sustain. In such a conceptual representation of the system, the reproductive females draw a peculiar attention since they determine in a great part the productivity and the durability of the system through their abilities to maintain their own production level (milk production, numeric productivity) and to save their reproductive efficiency (repeated pregnancies and lactations) over years. Considering the animal level and its lifespan, it is clear that the abilities to adapt rely on behavioural and physiological regulatory processes. The study of the biological mechanisms involved in the adaptation to undernutrition is particularly interesting since regulatory processes implied in energy metabolism may interfere directly or indirectly with the reproductive function, and consequently, with the durability of the livestock system. A biological significance of such relationships between nutrition and reproduction is given that they allow the female to be informed about the associated risk of entering a productive process facing the uncertainty of the nutritional context. Although the general mechanisms implied in the ability to adapt to the underfeeding constraint are conserved among ruminants, the thresholds (or priorities) may largely differ according to the breed within the same species. Hence, in order to evaluate the ability of the ruminant livestock systems to perpetuate in hard environments (maintaining their production levels) or to assess sustainable objectives (opening bushy landscapes by increasing grazing pressure), animals' inherent adaptive potentialities have to be well known. Résumé -Capacités adaptatives des femelles et durabilité des systèmes d'élevage. Synthèse bibliographique. Dans une représentation systémique du système d'élevage, l'éleveur incarne la composante décisionnelle du système, tandis que l'animal constitue, avec la ressource, sa composante biotechnique. L'animal lui-même peut être considéré comme un système biologique soumis à un environnement contraignant, dont les aptitudes à survivre, croître, se reproduire et s'adapter jouent un rôle fondamental dans la pérennité du système d'élevage. Les femelles reproductrices tiennent une place particulière dans cette représentation car non seulement elles déterminent une large part de la productivité du système par leur propre niveau de production (production laitière, productivité numérique), mais elles en assurent également sa reproductibilité au cours du temps (investissement reproductif). A l'échelle de l'individu et de sa durée de vie, les modalités d'adaptation reposent sur des processus de régulations comportementales et physiologiques. De tels pro...

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Section: Characterisation Of the Physiological Processes Involved In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterisation Of the Physiological Processes Involved In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive abilities of the females and sustainability of ruminant livestock systems. A review

Blanc

Bocquier²,

Agabriel

et al. 2006

Anim. Res.

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“…The energy content of the milk produced was calculated from its fat and protein concentrations according to the formula proposed by Sjaunja (1989). The energy value of live-weight gain was estimated as 4.5 UFL per kg (Chilliard et al, 1987).…”

Section: Samples and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of forage type on milk yield, Chemical composition and clotting properties of milk

Coulon

Pradel

Verdier³

1995

Lait

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Summary -Fifty-Iour lactating multiparous cows were used in a 3 x 3 latin square trial. During each 3-week period cows were offered a diet composed either 01 perennial ryegrass silage (11 kg dry matter/dl, or second-cutting cocksloot hay (13 kg dry matter/dl or maize silage (11 kg dry matter/dl. Each diet was supplemented with a mixture 01 barley, soya-bean meal and urea in proportions calculated to keep the overall rations isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The cows led grass silage yielded, respectively, 0.4 (P> 0.05) and 1.9 kg/d (P < 0.01) more milk than those led maize silage or hay, but their milk was signilicantly poorer in proteins and caseins. This result is Iinked to a distribution 01 ingested energy in lavour 01 milk yield rather than the deposition 01 body reserves with the grass silage-based diets. The casein/protein ratio, calcium concentration, pH and rheological characteristics 01 the milk were not signilicantly different between the types 01 lorages. dairy cow / coagulation property / milk composition 1 feeding Résumé -Effet de la nature de la ration de base sur la composition chimique du lait et son aptitude à la coagulation.

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“…A cause de leur origine microbienne, il n'y a pas, en dehors de la méthionine, de la lysine et de l'histidine une influence nette de la qualité des protéines sur la protéosynthèse, le facteur limitant résidant dans la quantité d'acides aminés parvenant dans l'intestin grêle (Mc Rae et Lobley, 1984 (Chilliard, 1987 Lobley, 1984). En effet, un apport modéré de caséine dans la caillette ou de protéines protégées des dégradations microbiennes permet de stimuler la production laitière (Journet et al, 1983 (Chilliard, 1988 (Jarrett et al, 1974 ;Hay et al, 1984) et le tissu adipeux (Vernon et Finley, 1985), elle ne modifierait pas la captation du glucose par la glande mammaire (Laarveld et al, 1981) Halse, 1978 ;Lomax et al, 1979 ;Baird et al, 1980 …”

Section: Glucocorticoïdesunclassified

Les orientations du métabolisme intermédiaire chez les ruminants

Demigné¹,

Yacoub²,

Morand³

et al. 1988

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Revue bibliographique : Variations quantitatives et métabolisme des lipides dans les tissus adipeux et le foie au cours du cycle gestation-lactation 2e partie : chez la brebis et la vache

Cited by 55 publications

References 301 publications

Adaptive abilities of the females and sustainability of ruminant livestock systems. A review

Adaptive abilities of the females and sustainability of ruminant livestock systems. A review

Effect of forage type on milk yield, Chemical composition and clotting properties of milk

Les orientations du métabolisme intermédiaire chez les ruminants

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