Effect of distance and daily periods on heat-stressed pigs and pre-slaughter losses in a semiarid region

Machado, Nítalo André Farias; Barbosa-Filho, José A. D.; Martin, Jessica; Silva, Iran José Oliveira da; Pandorfi, Héliton; Gadelha, Carla Renata Figueiredo; Souza, João Batista Freire de; Parente, Michelle de Oliveira Maia; Marques, Jordânio Inácio

doi:10.1007/s00484-022-02325-y

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, the RRB, which is directly associated with unloading-and transport-mediated stress in all animals, was high, with a significant difference between groups B and C. This result can be attributed to transportmediated stress and short UT. This may have resulted in less calm and possible more aggressive handling by the handlers (Machado et al, 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the transport distance, whether short or long, negatively influences animal physiology and meat quality due to a short adaptation period to transport conditions, as well as the time when the animals arrive at the slaughterhouse (Ochove et al, 2010;Miranda-de la Lama et al, 2021). These situations can promote quality losses (Nannoni et al, 2014), implying reduced welfare conditions, particularly when associated with waiting in facilities that do not favor thermal comfort (Machado et al, 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-slaughter waiting mainly aims to recover the animals from stress and/or physical exhaustion caused by previous stages (Faucitano, 2018). Studies have associated increased economic losses caused by meat defects with the inadequate management of animal dwell time during the waiting period and the thermal comfort of the facilities during this period (Rioja-Lang et al, 2019;Driessen et al, 2020;Machado et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-slaughter management in Northeast Brazil and the effects on thermophysiological indicators in pigs and pH45

Melo

Machado

Filho

et al. 2023

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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Inadequate pre-slaughter handling practices may compromise animal welfare and pork quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transport period (TT), unloading period (UT), and pre-slaughtering period (WT) on animal thermophysiological indicators and pork pH using a multivariate approach. This study was conducted in a slaughterhouse located in Aquiraz, Ceará state, Brazil. A total of 60 mestizo pigs with 107 ± 5 kg body weight were distributed into three experimental groups: group A (TT = 180 min, UT ≤ 10 min, and WT = 24 hours), group B (TT = 60 min, UT ≤ 15 min, and WT = 18 hours), and group C (TT = 45 min, UT ≤ 5 min, and WT = 24 hours). Canonical discriminant analysis was implemented and the differences between treatments are represented graphically. The first two components accounted for 97% treatments. The discriminant analysis showed that group C presented multivariate differences in relation to others, particularly with high rectal temperature before slaughter (38.4 ± 0.23 °C) and respiratory rate (131 ± 7.0 breaths min-1) and rectal temperature (39.7 ± 0.18 °C) upon arrival at the slaughterhouse. Transport period (TT), unloading period (UT), and thermal stress of the facilities influenced physiological variables, such as rectal temperature and respiratory rate. Furthermore, the physiological stress variables also favored cuts with basic pH, resulting in quality loss.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-slaughter management in Northeast Brazil and the effects on thermophysiological indicators in pigs and pH45

Melo

Machado

Filho

et al. 2023

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…many studies have been conducted on the transportation because it not only poses a strong stress to pigs in the shortest time, but also causes enormous economic loss through damage to meat quality [2,3].…”

Section: A C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of loading density and weather conditions on animal welfare and meat quality of slaughter pigs

An¹,

Kim²,

Song³

et al. 2023

J Anim Sci Technol

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There are several factors that affect the welfare and meat quality of pigs during pre-slaughter transport.Among various factors, the effects of weather conditions and loading density were studied. A total of 3,726 finishing pigs were allotted to one of nine groups arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design according to the weather conditions (low temperature (LT), under 10°C; normal temperature (NT), 10-24°C; high temperature (HT), upper 24°C), and loading density (low density (LD), upper 0.43 m2/100 kg; normal density (ND), 0.37-0.43 m2/100 kg; high density (HD), under 0.37 m2/100 kg). Each treatment group follow as: LTLD, LTND, LTHD, NTLD, NTND, NTHD, HTLD, HTND, HTHD. In terms of carcass composition, pigs had the highest carcass weight and backfat thickness at LT. Comparing the HD transport to the ND transport, the meat quality indicated a lower pH and more drip loss. The incidence rate of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork was high in the order of the HD, LD, and the ND transport (20%, 9%, and 2%, respectively). The HT transport showed the lowest pH and greatest L* value under the given weather conditions. Pigs transported under the HTHD and LTLD conditions had the greatest rates of PSE pork (40% and 20%, respectively). Pigs exposed to HD transport had the shortest laying time and the highest overplap behavior. The LDLT transport pigs had a shorter laying time than the LDNT and LDHT transport pigs. In conclusion, too high or too low density transport is generally not excellent for meat quality or animal welfare, however it is preferable to transport at a slightly low density at high temperature and at a slightly high density at low temperature.

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Heat/Cold Stress and Methods to Mitigate Its Detrimental Impact on Pork and Poultry Meat: A Review

Lesiów,

Xiong

2024

Foods

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This paper aims to provide an updated review and current understanding of the impact of extreme temperatures—focusing on heat stress (HS)—on the quality of pork and poultry meat, particularly amidst an unprecedented global rise in environmental temperatures. Acute or chronic HS can lead to the development of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat during short transportation or of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat associated with long transportation and seasonal changes in pork and poultry meat. While HS is more likely to result in PSE meat, cold stress (CS) is more commonly linked to the development of DFD meat. Methods aimed at mitigating the effects of HS include showering (water sprinkling/misting) during transport, as well as control and adequate ventilation rates in the truck, which not only improve animal welfare but also reduce mortality and the incidence of PSE meat. To mitigate CS, bedding on trailers and closing the tracks’ curtains (insulation) are viable strategies. Ongoing efforts to minimize meat quality deterioration due to HS or CS must prioritize the welfare of the livestock and focus on the scaleup of laboratory testing to commercial applications.

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Effect of distance and daily periods on heat-stressed pigs and pre-slaughter losses in a semiarid region

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Pre-slaughter management in Northeast Brazil and the effects on thermophysiological indicators in pigs and pH45

Pre-slaughter management in Northeast Brazil and the effects on thermophysiological indicators in pigs and pH45

Effect of loading density and weather conditions on animal welfare and meat quality of slaughter pigs

Heat/Cold Stress and Methods to Mitigate Its Detrimental Impact on Pork and Poultry Meat: A Review

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