Effect of directional antennas at both ends of the link on spatial characteristics of cellular and mobile channel

Generalized 3D scattering channel model with MIMO antenna systems

“…This phenomenon is due to the fact that by decreasing with fewer scatterers in the upper areas could reduce the multipath components. In addition, when elevation angle , the proposed model tends towards the Qureshi Model developed in [16].…”

“…Similarly, the elevation threshold angle is defi ned to separate the scattering region into two partitions in the elevation plane, i.e., (15) As discussed above, the regions defi ned by the partitions and , shown in Fig. 1, can be given as follows (16) Thus, the distances from the MS to the scattering objects located at the boundary of the scattering region can be obtained as (17) …”

“…Because 3D scattering models are more realistic regarding the behavior of multipath components in the spatial domain, the effect of directional antennas for both ends of the radio should also be thoroughly analyzed, so that more reliable wireless links can be designed for future highrate communications in time-varying mobility environments. Recently, more attention has been paid to the demand for minimizing the interference between multipath components; thus, directional antennas employed at either end of the link have been proposed [16][17]. Additionally, the performance of a wireless communication system may be enhanced by employing directional antennas at both BS and MS.…”