“…A differential speed rolling (DSR) technique is a process in which different rotational speeds of upper and lower rolls are applied, so that the shear strain could be imposed throughout the samples due to the asymmetric deformation characteristics [5,6]. Several studies have been conducted to undertake the microstructure, mechanical properties, and texture formation of the various metallic materials fabricated via a DSR process, such as magnesium [7], aluminum [8], copper [6,9], titanium [10], and steel [5,[11][12][13]. The results of these studies showed that the intense plastic strain by DSR could lead to a significant reduction in grain size together with enhanced mechanical properties.…”