Effect of different zeolitic imidazolate frameworks nanoparticle‐modified β‐FeOOH rods on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin

Abstract

A simple method was used to load zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) onto β-FeOOH nanorods to ameliorate the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin (EP). The morphology and structure of ZIF-8-β-FeOOH (Z8Fe) and ZIF-67-β-FeOOH (Z67Fe) nano hybrids were systematically characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared and Xray diffraction (XRD) spectra, which proved the successful preparation of the hybrids. 3 wt% of Z8Fe and Z67Fe were added to the EP matrix, and their combustion properties were studied, respectively. The results showed that the composites' limiting oxygen index values were ameliorated to 27.3% and 28.1%, respectively. Their UL94 flame retardant rating was improved, their peak heat release rate and total heat release were reduced, their flame retardant performance was considerably improved, and their generation of toxic smoke was significantly suppressed. Further, through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XRD and laser Raman spectroscopy analysis of the char residue, their potential mechanism of flame retardancy and smoke suppression were studied.

Ionic Liquids Facilitate the Dispersion of Branched Polyethylenimine Grafted ZIF-8 for Reinforced Epoxy Composites

“…The peak intensity of BPEI-ZIF-8 was lower than that of ZIF-8, which might be due to the decrease in ZIF-8 content and the enhancement in the interaction between the PEI and Zn 2+ sites [46][47][48]. These results were consistent with previous reports [20,46], demonstrating successful syntheses of ZIF-8 and BPEI-ZIF-8.…”

“…ZIF-8 is the most investigated among the various ZIFs. Previous research has shown that ZIF-8 can be used for toughening resins due to its high specific surface area, low dielectric constant, and low polarity [19][20][21]. However, like other nanoparticles, ZIF-8 faces the challenge of being uniformly dispersed in the resin matrix for achieving an excellent modification due to the same problem of agglomeration.…”

Silica-coated metal-organic framework-β-FeOOH hybrid for improving the flame retardant and smoke suppressive properties of epoxy resin

“…Then, 2-MI solution was added to it, with the pH stabilised at 8.5. After standing for several hours, the precipitate was collected, washed with deionised water several times, and then dried at 80°C for 8 h to obtain ZIF-67-β-FeOOH (ZF) [26].…”

Composites Filled with Metal Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives: Recent Developments in Flame Retardants

“…have catalytic carbonization properties, pristine MOF monomers can be added directly to the polymer matrix as flame retardants. During combustion, the metal sites of MOFs generate metal oxides that promote the formation of a continuous dense char layer to insulate part of the combustible gases and heat [ 28 ]. Shi et al added synthetic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles directly into poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and an addition of 0.2 wt% could increase the limiting oxygen index value from 20.5% to 23.5% [ 29 ].…”