Effect of Different Solvents on the Measurement of Phenolics and the Antioxidant Activity of Mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) with Accelerated Solvent Extraction

Abstract

The effects of 9 different solvents on the measurement of the total phenolics and antioxidant activities of mulberry fruits were studied using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Sixteen to 22 types of phenolics (flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavanol, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and stilbenes) from different mulberry extracts were characterized and quantified using HPLC-MS/MS. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the suitable solvents to distinguish between different classes of phenolics. Additionally, the phenolic extraction abilities of ASE and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were compared. The highest extraction efficiency could be achieved by using 50% acidified methanol (50MA) as ASE solvents with 15.14 mg/gallic acid equivalents g dry weight of mulberry fruit. The PCA results revealed that the 50MA followed by 50% acidified acetone (50AA) was the most efficient solvent for the extraction of phenolics, particularly flavonols (627.12 and 510.31 μg/g dry weight, respectively), while water (W) was not beneficial to the extraction of all categories of phenolics. Besides, the results of 3 antioxidant capability assays (DPPH, ABTS free radical-scavenging assay, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay) showed that water-based organic solvents increased the antioxidant capabilities of the extracts compared with water or pure organic solvents. ASE was more suitable for the extraction of phenolics than UAE.

Comprehensive study on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic profiles of black seed and other spices and herbs: effect of solvent and time of extraction

“…Our findings are in agreement with the studies of Przygodzka et al [7], who reported that water-ethanol (1:1) mixture was better solvent for extraction of TPC from allspice, clove and some other aromatic spices, and also Alcântara et al [25], as the highest efficiency of TPC extraction from chia seeds was observed in the binary water-ethanol solvent in comparison to water and ethanol solvents alone. As reported by others [24,26,27] water was the least efficient solvent when considering the polyphenol extraction from plant material. Time of extraction also significantly affected TPC.…”

Extraction approaches used for the determination of biologically active compounds (cyclitols, polyphenols and saponins) isolated from plant material

“…A comparative study where UAE and ASE were used for the extraction of total phenolic compounds from mulberry fruits was developed using nine different solvents for extraction and HPLC‐MS/MS for analysis. Additionally, principal component analysis was used to determine the most appropriate solvents and to distinguish between different classes of phenolic compounds . As a conclusion, the experimental results indicated the superiority of ASE compared with UAE.…”

“…The highest extraction efficiency could be achieved by using 50% acidified methanol (50MA) as ASE solvents with 15.14 mg gallic acid equivalents g dry weight of mulberry fruit . The PCA results revealed that the 50MA followed by 50% acidified acetone (50AA) was the most efficient solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds, particularly flavonols (627.12 and 510.31 μg/g dry weight, respectively), while water (W) was not beneficial to the extraction of all categories of phenolics.…”

A Design of Experiments Strategy to Enhance the Recovery of Polyphenolic Compounds from Vitis vinifera By-Products through Heat Reflux Extraction

“…The solvent choice for extraction is the most important variable in the extraction process, as the yield and the rate of polyphenolic extraction are related to solvent characteristics. Even if methanol has been reported as being more efficient for the extraction of low-molecular weight polyphenols and acetone for the high molecular weight polyphenols, ethanol-water mixture is often considered [6,14,15,16]. Its safety and environmentally friendly character recommends it for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications [17].…”