Effect of Different Morphology of Titanium Surface on the Bone Healing in Defects Filled Only with Blood Clot: A New Animal Study Design

Abstract

Background The objective of the present histologic animal study was to analyze whether roughness of the titanium surface can influence and/or stimulate the bone growth in defects filled with the blood using a rabbit tibia model. Materials and Methods Forty sets (implant and abutment), dental implant (3.5 mm in diameter and 7 mm in length) plus healing abutment (2.5 mm in diameter), were inserted in the tibiae of 10 rabbits. Moreover, twenty titanium discs were prepared. The abutment and discs were treated by 4 different methods and divided into 4 groups: (group A) machined abutments (smooth); (group B) double acid etching treatment; (group C) treatment with blasting with particles of aluminum oxide blasted plus acid conditioning; (group D) treatment with thorough blasting with particles of titanium oxide plus acid conditioning. The discs were used to characterize the surfaces by a profilometer and scanning electronic microscopy. Results After 8 weeks, the new bone formation around the sets of the samples was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in relation to bone height from the base of the implant and presence of osteocytes. Group C (1.50±0.20 mm) and group D (1.62±0.18 mm) showed bone growth on the abutment with higher values compared to group A (0.94±0.30 mm) and group B (1.19±0.23 mm), with significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). In addition, osteocyte presence was higher in groups with surface treatment related to machined (P < 0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it was possible to observe that there is a direct relationship between the roughness present on the titanium surface and the stimulus for bone formation, since the presence of larger amounts of osteocytes on SLA surfaces evidenced this fact. Furthermore, the increased formation of bone tissue in height demonstrates that there is an important difference between the physical and chemical methods used for surface treatment.

New Implant Macrogeometry to Improve and Accelerate the Osseointegration: An In Vivo Experimental Study

“…Several studies have proposed that the morphological alterations on the implant surface characteristics can improve and accelerate the processes of healing of the bone tissue [10][11][12]. Thus, the present study had the aim to evaluate both implant models (conventional and new implant design) using the same conditions of the surface treatment, with and without treatment, to verify the importance of this factor in the early time period of osseointegration.…”

“…Animal procedures: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 4 ± 0.5 kg, were used for the present experimental study. The animals received the standards care and management applied in the previous studies performed and described by our research group [10,11]. The international guidelines of animal studies were applied.…”

“…Several investigations to improve or accelerate the process of osseointegration have been studied, as well worked on to elaborate new treatments for the surface of the implants (micro topography) with different physical and chemical characteristics [5][6][7][8][9]. These modifications have shown good results, mainly in pre-clinical studies, as reported in the literature [10][11][12][13].…”

Can changes in implant macrogeometry accelerate the osseointegration process?: An in vivo experimental biomechanical and histological evaluations

“…Even with the high success rates achieved by implants, studies have been made to accelerate the osseointegration with different technologies and manufactures methods. In this sense, alterations in the micro-and macrogeometry of the implant design are presented [6][7][8]. New surface treatments (micro topography), changing the physical and/or chemical characteristics [6,9,10], and new macrogeometries changing the implant design [11][12][13], are created by the researchers and, posteriorly, manufactured by the industry.…”

On the Future Design of Bio‐Inspired Polyetheretherketone Dental Implants

“…Nowadays, the optimization of the implant surfaces is still an essential object of scientific investigations . Within these investigations, specific factors, such as a certain roughness of the implant surface, have been shown to influence the osseointegration of an implant positively …”