New Implant Macrogeometry to Improve and Accelerate the Osseointegration: An In Vivo Experimental Study

Abstract

A new implant design with healing chambers in the threads was analyzed and compared with a conventional implant macrogeometry, both implants models with and without surface treatment. Eighty conical implants were prepared using commercially pure titanium (grade IV) by the company Implacil De Bortoli (São Paulo, Brazil). Four groups were performed, as described below: Group 1 (G1), traditional conical implants with surface treatment; group 2 (G2), traditional conical implants without surface treatment (machined surface); group 3 (G3), new conical implant design with surface treatment; group 4 (G4), new conical implant design without surface treatment. The implants were placed in the two tibias (n = 2 implants per tibia) of twenty New Zealand rabbits determined by randomization. The animals were euthanized after 15 days (Time 1) and 30 days (Time 2). The parameters evaluated were the implant stability quotient (ISQ), removal torque values (RTv), and histomorphometric evaluation to determine the bone to implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO%). The results showed that the implants with the macrogeometry modified with healing chambers in the threads produced a significant enhancement in the osseointegration, accelerating this process. The statistical analyses of ISQ and RTv showed a significative statistical difference between the groups in both time periods of evaluation (p ≤ 0.0001). Moreover, an important increase in the histological parameters were found for groups G3 and G4, with significant statistical differences to the BIC% (in the Time 1 p = 0.0406 and in the Time 2 p < 0.0001) and the BAFO% ((in the Time 1 p = 0.0002 and in the Time 2 p = 0.0045). In conclusion, the result data showed that the implants with the new macrogeometry, presenting the healing chambers in the threads, produced a significant enhancement in the osseointegration, accelerating the process.

Elastomeric polyamide biomaterials with stereochemically tuneable mechanical properties and shape memory

“…PLLA is considered a gold standard for implantable synthetic polymers and does not degrade over the time frame of the in vivo studies (8 weeks), hence we selected it as a suitable control for this experiment. Moreover, the biocompatibility of nylons has long been established in a variety of different animal models 73,74 . Capsule formation in both species was found to be <200 µm and uncalcified, which indicated that no severe inflammatory response occurred as a consequence of the presence of the material and is within the range of an accepted response for an implantable material (Fig.…”

Biomechanical Effects of a New Macrogeometry Design of Dental Implants: An In Vitro Experimental Analysis

“…Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurement using Osstell Mentor is frequently used to evaluate the implant stability in preclinical and clinical studies [32][33][34]. This technique has been widely used because it is not invasive and does not require extra procedures to obtain the data.…”

Evolution of anodised titanium for implant applications

“…A similar mechanism has been proposed by other studies which show that bio-functionalised anodised layers (either macro or nano surfaced) have better resistance to corrosion and wear [209,280,292,306,307]. With regard to anodic layer performances for clinical translations, a better surface structuring strategy for Ti-based implants has been tested in vivo by Lotz et al [308] and Gehrke et al [309]. The study confirms that; (i) the micro/nano-structured/hydrophilic implants promotes the increased bone-to-implant contact and removal torque values in vivo and increased osteoblastic marker production in vitro compared to micro/hydrophilic or micro/nano-structured/hydrophobic implants, suggesting that osseointegration occurs in osteoporotic animals and that nano-structured surface properties improve the integration rate [308]; and (ii) implants with the new macrogeometry, which included healing chambers embedded within the threads, resulted in a significant increase in osseointegration, thereby facilitating better healing process ex vivo [309].…”

“…With regard to anodic layer performances for clinical translations, a better surface structuring strategy for Ti-based implants has been tested in vivo by Lotz et al [308] and Gehrke et al [309]. The study confirms that; (i) the micro/nano-structured/hydrophilic implants promotes the increased bone-to-implant contact and removal torque values in vivo and increased osteoblastic marker production in vitro compared to micro/hydrophilic or micro/nano-structured/hydrophobic implants, suggesting that osseointegration occurs in osteoporotic animals and that nano-structured surface properties improve the integration rate [308]; and (ii) implants with the new macrogeometry, which included healing chambers embedded within the threads, resulted in a significant increase in osseointegration, thereby facilitating better healing process ex vivo [309]. In addition, Yi et al [310] reported that the treated Ti-implant surface with TNTs of different diameters (30 nm, 50 nm, 70 nm, and 100 nm) showed that the highest mean new bone area and the highest mean of removal torque value were observed in 30 nm experimental group and in 70 nm experimental group at 2 weeks and 6 weeks in vivo, respectively.…”

“…In addition, Yi et al [310] reported that the treated Ti-implant surface with TNTs of different diameters (30 nm, 50 nm, 70 nm, and 100 nm) showed that the highest mean new bone area and the highest mean of removal torque value were observed in 30 nm experimental group and in 70 nm experimental group at 2 weeks and 6 weeks in vivo, respectively. The idea of bridging the gap between anodised titanium and clinical translation by optimising the manufacturing of robust titanium nanostructures on complex implant geometries by Li et al [290] is therefore feasible and very promising if the results of the studies by Yi et al [310], Lotz et al [308], and Gehrke et al [309] are taken into future design consideration. No failure produced at 90 min, although coating is more porous and looser than the one produced at 60 min.…”