Effect of different handrail types and seat heights on kinematics and plantar pressure during STS in healthy young adults

Han, Xiaolong; Xue, Qingguo; Yang, Shuo; Zhang, Shouwei; Li, Min

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000028091

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These papers used handrails at a fixed height and took the effect of grip position and trunk-tilt angle into account. Xiaolong Han and Xue [14] is the only study that has measured the effect of two grip positions and trunk-tilt angles at the seat-off point and found that the minimum knee torque occurred with a trunk-tilt angle of 30 degrees and grip positioned above the greater trochanter beneath the chest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum Handle Location for the Hand-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transition: A Tool

Bagheri

Alexander

2023

Biomechanics

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Background: The aging process contributes to the decline in physical capacity that leads to loss of independence in performing life activities. Immobility and instability are the most significant predictors and indicators of physical disability and dependence. As a result, a variety of assistive devices exist to address immobility and instability in older adults, including walkers, canes, crutches, wheelchairs and handrails. Sit-to-stand (STS) transitions are the most common transitions in daily mobility activities. The ability to perform STS transitions successfully is therefore one of the most important activities to focus attention on. As a result of physical deterioration, older adults will sooner or later be faced with their physical limitations, and in particular, will not be able to provide enough torque at critical body joints to make the STS transition. Aim: This paper suggests employing two-arm assistance using two handles located symmetrically in the body’s sagittal plane. During the aging process, people are faced with varying levels of muscle deterioration and body constraints and consequently require different levels of assistance to complete the transition successfully. This paper aims to develop a tool to find the optimum handle location for people based on their body constraints to reduce knee torque (identified as the critical joint in the STS transition). These findings are also used to measure the effects of assistive device handle position on the biomechanics of the two-arm assisted STS transition. Methods: For this purpose, a theoretical tool was developed by integrating human body kinetics with a multi-objective genetic algorithm to find the optimum hand force required at the seat-off point for a set of potential handle locations. The tool was set to achieve the minimum knee torque within the defined body constraints and assumptions. In line with the physics of the STS transition, the “seat-off point”, when subjects lose their seat support, was chosen as the most challenging point of the task. This was coupled with the “nose over toes” posture recommended to older adults by occupational therapists. Results and Discussion: The schematic of the developed tool shows that the best handle locations requiring the minimum torques at the body joints are positioned in handle zone 2, where the handles are placed vertically above the knee and below the hip joints and horizontally located ahead of the hip and behind the knee joints. Within this handle zone, both components of the hand forces (vertical downward and horizontal backward) provide assisting torque to all the body joints and consequently reduce the torques required at body joints.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seat-off point is the critical point of transition when maintaining posture is most difficult and a large load is being tolerated by the lower limbs [11]. Studies have analysed the functionality of lower limbs during the STS transition and identified the peak torques required in the lower limb joint at the seat-off point [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Handle Location for the Hand-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transition: A Tool

Bagheri

Alexander

2023

Biomechanics

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“…Step one: Train volunteers in the motion of standing up to ensure that the subjects stand up in a natural motion, eliminating interference from other factors [27]. A uniform sitting posture with a starting knee angle of 90 degrees is specified, and the thighs must remain horizontal, as shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Experimental Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of the Sit-to-Stand Movement Assistive Device for Elderly

Xu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Actuators

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The act of standing up is one of the most important movements in daily life, but it often poses challenges for elderly individuals with declining physical functions. To address this issue, we have designed an assistive device for sit-to-stand (STS) movement. This device aids the upper limbs, allowing them to bear some of the weight during the STS movement, thereby improving the force distribution on the lower limbs and enhancing the stability of the body during movement. The connection to the user is very straightforward; one simply needs to place their hands and arms on the lifting mechanism to connect, and after the STS movement is completed, the user can easily disengage, making it very convenient to use. The device is compact, equipped with wheels and a handle, allowing it to be flexibly moved and used in confined spaces such as bedrooms, bathrooms, and balconies. ADAMS-LifeMOD simulations indicate that the use of the STS movement assistive device can significantly improve the force distribution across the joints of the lower limbs and reduce the pressure on the soles of the feet against the ground. Subsequently, a prototype was built, and four volunteers were invited to conduct further experimental validation, comparing the changes in plantar pressure during the STS movement with and without the assistive device, as well as the subjective feelings of the users. The experimental results demonstrate that the device can effectively help users to stand up more easily.

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Analysis of Force Applied to Horizontal and Vertical Handrails with Impaired Motor Function

Kihara

Takita

et al. 2023

2023 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)

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Effect of different handrail types and seat heights on kinematics and plantar pressure during STS in healthy young adults

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Optimum Handle Location for the Hand-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transition: A Tool

Optimum Handle Location for the Hand-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transition: A Tool

Design and Evaluation of the Sit-to-Stand Movement Assistive Device for Elderly

Analysis of Force Applied to Horizontal and Vertical Handrails with Impaired Motor Function

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