Effect of different dietary polar lipid levels and different n−3 HUFA content in polar lipids on gut and liver histological structure of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae

Effect of feeding Artemia nauplii enriched with different enhancement products on larval performance of golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

“…To develop lipid enriched food for fish larvae, the requirements of essential fatty acids in fish larvae have been extensively studied using live prey enriched with different oils and micro-nutrients, aiming to increase the essential fatty acids content in live prey Takeuchi, 1997;Izquierdo et al, 2000). However, excessive dietary lipid content or unbalanced lipid class composition has been found to be associated with poor growth and skeletal malformation in species such as Seriola lalandi , S. aurata (Salhi et al, 1999), H. hippoglossus (Olsen et al, 2000) and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Kjorsvik et al, 2009). In the present study, enrichment did not change the DHA/ARA ratio, but a higher DHA/EPA ratio (0.36:1) was achieved by enriching Artemia nauplii with Algamac 3080.…”

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…REQUIREMENT Fish probably have an absolute requirement for phospholipids (PL), mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) and possibly phosphatidylinositol (PI) (Coutteau et al 1997). The most striking example of this is seen in some marine larvae where lipid droplets tend to accumulate, sometimes in livers (Salhi et al 1999), but most commonly in enterocytes upon feeding with artificial or supplemented live feeds (Deplano et al 1989;Geurden et al 1997;Salhi et al 1999;Morais et al 2006;. The cause appears to be linked to impaired enterocyte lipoprotein synthesis where PC (and apolipoproteins) is needed to form a coat around the absorbed TAG enabling it to be transported out of the cell.…”

Dietary neutral lipid level and source in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae: Effect on growth, lipid metabolism and digestive capacity

“…In addition, no lipid accumulation was observed in the enterocyte intercellular spaces, indicating that there were no problems of lipid transport into the body circulation. Salhi et al (1999), when feeding larval seabream (Sparus aurata) with high dietary neutral lipid content, also observed increased lipid vacuoles in the basal zone of the enterocytes, suggesting a reduction in the lipid transport rate from the intestinal mucosa to the blood. In rats, it was noted that the rate of FA esterification may regulate FA absorption from the lumen (Borgström, 1977) and, in adult fish, lipid accumulation within the enterocytes has been reported and is believed to result from a slower lipid processing, compared to mammals, where there is a temporal separation between FA absorption and secretion by the intestinal tissue (Noaillac-Depeyre and Gas, 1974;.…”

“…Therefore, in the last decades, a large amount of research effort has been directed towards the development of lipid enrichment products and strategies, in order to raise the EFA content, particularly of the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA; ≥ 20 carbon atoms and ≥ 4 double bonds), of the nutritionally deficient live preys used in marine larviculture (Rodríguez et al, 1996;Rainuzzo et al, 1997;Han et al, 2000). However, excessive dietary lipid contents or unbalances in lipid class composition found occasionally in enriched live preys have been suggested to affect fatty acid (FA) digestion and absorption (Salhi et al, 1995(Salhi et al, , 1997(Salhi et al, , 1999Diaz et al, 1997) and have been related to poor larval growth and performance in several species (Kjørsvik et al, 1991;Hoehne, 1999;Pousão-Ferreira et al, 1999;Izquierdo et al, 2000;Olsen et al, 2000a). In larvae of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858), the long term feeding of a higher neutral lipid Artemia resulted in reduced growth, higher lipid droplet accumulation within the gut enterocytes (mostly in the basal zone) and lower capacity of larvae to absorb dietary FA (Morais et al, 2005a,b).…”