Effect of dietary α‐linolenic acid and its ratio to linoleic acid on platelet and plasma fatty acids and thrombogenesis

Chan, Joanna K.; McDonald, B. E.; Gerrard, Jon M.; Bruce, Vivian M; Weaver, Bonnie J.; Holub, Bruce J.

doi:10.1007/bf02536235

Cited by 142 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Ingestion of substantially larger amounts of alpha-linolenic acid (9 g per day for 4 week) increased C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3 in plasma triacylglycerol (by 0.3 and 0.5% of total fatty acids, respectively); however, 22:6n-3 remained unchanged (Cunnane et al, 1995). The complete lack of change in blood levels of 22:6n-3 with ingestion of alpha-linolenic acid is a consistent finding of feeding trials lasting less than several months (Chan et al, 1993;Li et al, 1999) and argues that some of the participants in our study ate more fishFa source of all three preformed long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatsFduring the sheep diet. The combination of increased alpha-linolenic acid from the sheep-dairy products and increased fish intake could explain the fatty acid results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat lowers plasma cholesterol concentration in participants consuming dairy fat-rich diets

et al. 2004

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Objective: To determine the effects on plasma cholesterol concentration of replacing cows' dairy fat with sheep's dairy fat. Design: Randomised crossover dietary intervention. Setting: General community, Dunedin, New Zealand. Subjects: Volunteer sample of 41 healthy adults with initial plasma cholesterol concentration between 4.8 and 7.8 mmol/l. Interventions: Participants were asked to follow a self-selected low-fat background diet throughout the study to which, during each of the 2, 3-week dairy diets, they were asked to add sheep's or cows' dairy products. Main outcome measures: Energy and nutrient intakes, plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids, and plasma cholesterol. Results: Energy and nutrient intakes on the sheep-dairy and cow-dairy diets were very similar, with total, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat contributing 34, 18-19, 9, and 3% of total energy intake, respectively. Participants consumed approximately 50 g/day of dairy fat on each diet. Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat led to a 0.33 (0.11-0.56, 95% CI) mmol/l decrease (6%) in plasma total cholesterol concentration, from 5.53 (0.90, s.d.) to 5.20 (0.90) mmol/l. Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was 0.18 (0.02-0.33) mmol/l lower on the sheep-dairy diet as was the concentration of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, 0.11 (0.02-0.20) mmol/l. The LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio at the end of the sheep-dairy diet, 2.91 (1.10), was not significantly different (P40.05) from the cow-dairy diet, 2.73 (0.83). Conclusions: Within the context of a diet high in dairy fat (50 g/day), replacing cows' milk fat with sheep's milk fat leads to a small reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration, but no change in the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat lowers plasma cholesterol concentration in participants consuming dairy fat-rich diets

et al. 2004

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“…Compared with the Melbourne Chinese migrants, the significantly higher proportion of platelet PL stearic acid in Ethnic difference on platelet PL fatty acid profiles D Li et al the Melbourne Caucasians may reflect those who have a high red meat intake, since red meat is the main dietary source of stearic acid in Australia (National Heart Foundation of Australia, 1994). Twenty-and 22-carbon long-chain PUFA can be either directly obtained from the diet or by in vivo biosynthesis from the parent fatty acids 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 by desaturation and elongation (Chan et al, 1993;Mantzioris et al, 1994). Fish and fish oil are the main sources of dietary 20-and 22-carbon omega-3 PUFA, especially high in EPA and DHA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of fish, meat and polyunsaturated fat intakes on platelet phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids in male Melbourne Chinese and Caucasian

Zhang²,

Hsu-Hage

et al. 2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate (1) platelet phospholipid (PL) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition in subjects who were the Melbourne Chinese migrants, compared with those who were the Melbourne Caucasians and (2) the relationship between platelet PL PUFA and intake of fish, meat and PUFA. Design: Cross-sectional comparison of the Melbourne Chinese and Caucasians. Setting: Free-living male subjects. Subjects: Ninety-seven Melbourne Chinese migrants and 78 Melbourne Caucasians who were recruited in Melbourne. Outcome measures: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The platelet PUFA was measured by gas -liquid chromatography. Results: The Melbourne Chinese had significantly higher proportions of platelet PL 20:5n-3 (P ¼ 0.006), 22:6n-3 (P < 0.0001), total n-3 (P ¼ 0.027) and 22:5n-6 (P ¼ 0.0002), and a significantly higher intake of fish (P ¼ 0.012) and white meat (P ¼ 0.0045) compared with the Melbourne Caucasians. In addition, the Melbourne Chinese had significantly lower proportions of 20:3n-6 (P ¼ 0.023), 20:4n-6 (P < 0.002), 22:4n-6 (P < 0.0001), total n-6 (P ¼ 0.037), 22:5n-3 (P < 0.0001) and ratio of n-6=n-3 (P ¼ 0.011), and a significantly lower intake of red and total meat (P < 0.0001) than the Melbourne Caucasians. Fish consumption was significantly positively correlated with platelet PL 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, and significantly negatively correlated with 22:5n-3 (P < 0.05). Meat consumption was significantly positively correlated with 22:5n-3 and significantly negatively correlated with 22:5n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (P < 0.05). Dietary PUFA intake was significantly positively correlated with 20:3n-6, 22:4n-6 and 22:5n-3, and significantly negatively correlated with 22:5n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with Caucasians, the Melbourne Chinese had a significantly higher level of platelet PL n-3 PUFA, which might contribute to the low CVD mortality in this population. were significantly positively correlated with fish intake, and negatively significantly correlated with dietary intake of meat and PUFA, while 22:5n-3 was significantly positively correlated with dietary meat and PUFA intake, and significantly negatively correlated with fish intake. Dietary intake of PUFA and fish are potential confounding factors for assessing the effects of meat consumption on platelet PL individual PUFA. Dietary intake of PUFA and meat did not influence the incorporation of fish long chain n-3 PUFA to platelet PL in this study population.

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“…The n-6an-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in walnuts is roughly 5:1 (Quigley et al, 1995), whereas in canola and¯axseed oils, also advocated for their alpha linolenic acid content, the ratios are roughly 2:1 (Quigley et al, 1995) and 1:4 (Layne et al, 1996), respectively. Chan et al (1993) and others (Abbey et al, 1994;Layne et al, 1996;Lichtenstein et al, 1993, Valsta et al, 1996 have reported that when using alpha linolenic acid rich oils if the n-6an-3 ratio in the overall diet is high (namely b 5) an increase in plasma alpha linolenic acid can occur, but there is little, if any, increase in eicosapentaenoic acid content of plasma lipids above that of a standard reference diet. Increasing eicosapentaenoic acid levels by consuming alpha linolenic acid-rich oils appears to require a low n-6an-3 ratio (namely`3) in the overall diet as well as a high intake of alpha linolenic acid (Chan et al, 1993;Mantzioris et al, 1994Mantzioris et al, , 1995, not easily achieved by supplementing a low fat diet with walnuts, as in the present experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diet rich in walnuts favourably influences plasma fatty acid profile in moderately hyperlipidaemic subjects

et al. 1998

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Objective: To compare two low fat diets one rich in walnuts on parameters of lipid metabolism in a group of hyperlipidaemic subjects. Design: A randomised cross over study. Setting: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Subjects: Twenty one men with mean (s.d) levels of total and LDL cholesterol of 6.58 (0.60) and 4.63 (0.58) respectively. Interventions: For two periods of four weeks subjects were asked to consume two low fat diets (fat 30% total energy), one containing, on average, 78 gad walnuts. Walnuts obtained through Lincoln University and the Walnut Growers Group (South Canterbury). Results: Participants reported a higher total fat intake on the walnut diet (38% compared with 30% on the low fat diet P`0.01) The most consistent change in fatty acid pro®le of triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester on the walnut diet was a signi®cant (P`0.01) increase in linoleic acid. Triacylglycerol linolenate also increased signi®cantly (P`0.01). Total and LDL cholesterol were lower on both experimental diets than at baseline, 0.25 mmolal and 0.36 mmolal respectively on the walnut diet and 0.13 mmolal and 0.20 mmolal respectively on the low fat diet. High density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher on both the walnut and low fat diets when compared to baseline (0.15 mmolal and 0.12 mmolal, respectively). When comparing the walnut and low fat diets only apo B was signi®cantly lower (P`0.05) on the walnut diet. Conclusions: Despite an unintended increase in the total fat intake on the walnut diet, fatty acid pro®le of the major lipid fractions showed changes which might be expected to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. The reduction of apolipoprotein B suggests a reduction in lipoprotein mediated risk, the relatively low myristic acid content of both diets perhaps explaining the absence of more extensive differences in lipoprotein levels on the two diets.

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Effect of dietary α‐linolenic acid and its ratio to linoleic acid on platelet and plasma fatty acids and thrombogenesis

Cited by 142 publications

References 34 publications

Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat lowers plasma cholesterol concentration in participants consuming dairy fat-rich diets

Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat lowers plasma cholesterol concentration in participants consuming dairy fat-rich diets

The influence of fish, meat and polyunsaturated fat intakes on platelet phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids in male Melbourne Chinese and Caucasian

A diet rich in walnuts favourably influences plasma fatty acid profile in moderately hyperlipidaemic subjects

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