OBJECTIVE -The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and risk factors for the development of GDM in pregnant women in Tianjin, China, where the prevalence of GDM is still unknown.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS -A total of 9,471 pregnant women living in the six urban districts of Tianjin, China, took part in the initial screening between December 1998 and December 1999. The screening test consisted of a 50-g 1-h glucose test. Women with a reading Ն7.8 mmol/l at the initial screening were invited to undergo a 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GDM was confirmed using the World Health Organization's diagnostic criteria.RESULTS -At the initial screening test, 888 women had a glucose reading of Ն7.8 mmol/l. A total of 701 (79%) women took a subsequent OGTT. Of these, 174 women were confirmed to have GDM (154 with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and 20 with diabetes). The prevalence of GDM was 2.31% (2.03% for IGT and 0.28% for diabetes), adjusting for serum glucose levels at the initial screening test. Independent predictors for GDM were maternal age, stature, prepregnancy BMI, weight gain in pregnancy before screening, diabetes in first-degree relatives, and habitual cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Women who smoked or had a short stature are more likely to develop GDM than their counterparts.CONCLUSIONS -The prevalence of GDM in pregnant women in the city of Tianjin, China, was 2.31%. Short stature and smoking in pregnancy were additional risk factors for GDM. Diabetes Care 25:847-851, 2002

OBJECTIVE -This article tests the hypothesis that women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have the same pregnancy outcomes as those of their counterparts with normal glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-From December 1998 to December 1999, 84 of 90 antenatal care base units (ACBUs) under the Tianjin Antenatal Care Network in China participated in the first screening program for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 9,471 pregnant women under the care of participating ACBUs were screened. Of the women screened, 154 were positive for IGT. Of the 154 women, 102 opted for conventional obstetric care. The comparison group was 302 women of normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The initial screening consisted of a 50-g 1-h glucose test, and was carried out at 26 -30 gestational weeks. Women with a serum glucose Ն7.8 mmol/l were followed up with a 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. The World Health Organization's diagnostic criteria for GDM were used.RESULTS -Women with IGT were at increased risk for premature rupture of membranes (P-ROM) (odds ratio [OR] 10.07; 95% CI 2.90 -34.93); preterm birth (6.42; 1.46 -28.34); breech presentation (3.47; 1.11-10.84); and high birth weight (90th percentile or 4,000 g) (2.42; 1.07-5.46); adjusting for maternal age, pregravid BMI, hospital levels, and other confounding factors.CONCLUSIONS -The presence of IGT in pregnancy is predictive of poor pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To compare percentage total body fat (%BF) estimated by the four skinfold thickness measurement (SKF) and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods using three different sets of equations, to that assessed by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometric (DEXA) method using a Lunar DPX densitometer. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: An Anglo-Celtic Australian population of 66 males and 130 females (age: 26 ± 86 y). MEASUREMENTS: %BF by anthropometry, BIA using three different sets of equations and DEXA. RESULTS: Mean %BF assessed by DEXA (%BF DEXA ) was similar to that estimated by SKF (%BF SKF ) in males, while %BF DEXA was slightly higher in females. %BF estimated by BIA (%BF BIA ) was signi®cantly lower than %BF DEXA in females, regardless of equations used for calculation, while the level of agreement between BIA and DEXA in estimating %BF in males was dependent on prediction equations used for calculation of %BF BIA . A better agreement was obtained from the use on the prediction equations of Segal et al (1988), compared to other two sets of equations. The agreement between SKF or BIA and DEXA declined with increasing %BF. CONCLUSIONS: There was a good agreement between DEXA and SKF, and slightly less so between DEXA and BIA, in estimating %BF in an Anglo-Celtic adult population. The agreement in most cases, however, was dependent on the degree of body fatness. In comparison to DEXA, both SKF and BIA, with the use of the equations of Segal et al (1988), are applicable to estimate %BF in an Anglo-Celtic Australian population.

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