Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Chromium on Performance, Carcass Traits, Oxidative Parameters, and Immune Responses in Commercial Broiler Chickens

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study effect of supplementing graded concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 μg/kg diet) of organic chromium (Cr) on performance, carcass traits, oxidative stress, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens reared in open-sided poultry house under tropical climatic conditions. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight replicates consisting of six birds in each pen from 1 to 42 days of age. Body mass gain and feed efficiency at 21 and 42 days of age and relative mass of liver, abdominal fat, and ready to cook yields at 42 days of age were not affected (P > 0.05) by supplementing organic Cr in broiler diet. Body mass loss during pre-slaughter holding period (12 h) reduced and relative breast mass increased nonlinearly (P < 0.01) with concentration of Cr in diet. Lipid peroxidation decreased, while activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma increased nonlinearly with Cr supplementation. The ratio between heterophyl and lymphocyte was not affected (P > 0.05) with Cr supplementation in broiler diet. Relative mass of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus) and antibody production to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected (P > 0.05) by the treatments employed. The cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation ratio) increased nonlinearly with dietary Cr concentration. The results of the present study indicated that supplementation of organic Cr did not influence body mass and feed efficiency. However, supplementation of the Cr reduced pre-slaughter holding losses, increased the relative mass of breast, and increased antioxidant status and lymphocyte proliferation in broilers reared in tropics.

Dietary Flaxseed Meal and Chromium: a Nutritional Intervention in Broiler Chicken to Study the Prospective Growth Performance, Tissue Lipid Composition and Metabolism, Health Indices, and Serum Lipid Chemistry

“…This can be attributed to the fact that Cr supplementation improves insulin sensitivity of tissues which causes enhanced deposition of dietary protein and carbohydrate in muscle cells compared to fat [41]. In line with the results of present study carcass characteristics in broiler chicken were not affected by 100 g flaxseed feeding [32,33,42] or Cr supplementation [39,43]. The feed cost per kg live weight and per kg meat yield increased by 10.50% and 9.65%, respectively, due to the inclusion of 100 g FSM in chicken diets.…”

“…In earlier studies Cr supplementation in broiler chicken improved BWG and efficiency of feed utilization [1,37]. Contrary to this no significant effects of Cr supplementation were observed in other studies [38,39]. The mortality of birds, well within permissible limits, was found to have no impact of different dietary treatments in the present study.…”

“…Cr serves as an antioxidant which provides protection against lipid peroxidation [18] and hence reverses the antioxidant enzyme induction property of FSM. Cr supplementation in cows significantly lower plasma SOD with no effect on GPx or GR [62] and reduced lipid peroxidation due to Cr supplementation with no significant effect on serum antioxidant enzymes was observed in birds [39].…”

Effects of Dietary Chromium Methionine on Growth Performance, Carcass Composition, Meat Colour and Expression of the Colour-related Gene Myoglobin of Growing-finishing Pigs

“…Due to the exposure to oxygenic environment during exsanguinations, most of the muscle haemoglobin is lost and ultimately accounts for between 6% and 16% of total fresh meat pigment. Cr supplementation improved anti-oxidative ability and attenuated oxidative stress in broilers and rats (Rama Rao et al, 2012; Sundaram et al, 2012). Mb is the primary protein pigment responsible for meat colour and constitutes between 80% and 90% of total fresh meat pigment (Giddings and Solberg, 1977).…”

Dietary Supplemental Chromium Yeast Improved the Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity and Liver Health in Broilers under High Stocking Density

“…Cr(III) has strong antioxidant activity and is considered to be the preferred mineral in poultry diet [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Studies have shown that Cr(III) has pharmacological effects on rodents [ 13 ], and yeast can stimulate digestive enzymes to produce better immune response and higher growth performance [ 14 ].…”