Effect of Dietary Stearic Acid on Plasma Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Levels

Bonanome, A; Grundy, Scott M.

doi:10.1056/nejm198805123181905

Cited by 813 publications

(382 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…After this phase, patients received the alternate supplementation for an additional 4-week period (until week 8). We did not include a washout phase between periods, because previous studies had shown that it is unnecessary in randomized cross-over designs (Bonanome & Grundy, 1988). At pre-study and after the two phases of treatment, blood samples for plasma FSH and lipid measurements were drawn and endothelial function was assessed by high-resolution vascular ultrasonography in the brachial artery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women

et al. 2003

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Background: Postmenopausia and hypercholesterolemia are related to endothelial dysfunction, a pathogenic event in atherosclerosis. Soy protein reduces plasma cholesterol, but there is scanty information about its effect on endothelial function. Objective: To evaluate the effect of isolated soy protein compared to caseinate on plasma lipoproteins and endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women. Design: Randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Setting: Outpatient clinic of the Catholic University of Chile. Subjects: Eighteen healthy, postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia were recruited, included and completed the protocol. Interventions: During the trial, all patients followed a low fat/low cholesterol diet and were randomly assigned to receive isolated soy protein or matching caseinate for 4 weeks, and then the alternative treatment until week 8. At pre-study and at the end of the first and second period, plasma lipoprotein levels and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery) were evaluated. Results: Plasma total and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentration were significantly lower with the low fat/low cholesterol diet compared to pre-study, either with caseinate or soy protein. No significant differences in plasma lipid concentration between caseinate or soy protein interventions were observed. FMD did not change with the caseinate. In contrast, when soy protein was administered, FMD was significantly higher compared to pre-study (9.471.8% vs 5.371.2%; Po0.05) and compared to caseinate intervention (9.471.8% vs 4.971.5%; Po0.033). Conclusions: These results suggest that in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women, soy protein improves endothelial function, regardless of changes in plasma lipoproteins. Sponsorship: Pontificia Universidad Cató lica (DIPUC99/09E), Protein Technology International and Gynopharm Laboratory (Recalcine Group).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women

et al. 2003

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“…Stearic acid was not absorbed as well as myristic and palmitic acids, but the lower rate of absorption did not seem to account for the neutral cholesterolemic response Bonanome & Grundy (1988) explored two possible explanations for the failure of 18:0 to increase blood cholesterol concentrations compared to 16:0 Ð poor absorption of 18:0 and conversion of at least some of the 18:0 to 18:1 after absorption. In their study, 18:0 was absorbed as well as 16:0 (over 97%) but the relative percentage of 18:1 in plasma triglycerides and cholesteryl esters was about 15% higher on the 18:0 diet.…”

Section: Effects On Serum Lipoprotein Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A diet high in a synthetic source of stearic acid reduced plasma total cholesterol 14% compared to a diet high in a natural source of palmitic acid (Bonanome & Grundy, 1988). In a stable isotope study with ethyl esters of palmitic, myristic and stearic acid, which were fed to ®ve men, Hughes et al (1996) concluded that the three saturated fatty acids are metabolized differently in the postprandial state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of synthetic triglycerides of myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid on serum lipoprotein metabolism

et al. 1999

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Objectives: To determine relative effects of diets high in synthetic sources of myristic (14:0), palmitic (16:0) or stearic (18:0) acid on concentrations and metabolism of serum lipoproteins. Design: Eighteen healthy women participated in a three-way cross-over study for ®ve week periods separated by seven week washout periods, diets were assigned in random order. Subjects: Premenopausal women, not on medication, were from three races (Caucasian, African-American, Asian) and four apolipoprotein E phenotype groups (3a3, 3a2, 4a3, and 4a2). Intervention: During the ®rst week the subjects consumed a baseline diet providing 11 energy (en)% saturated fat, 10 en% polyunsaturated fat and 14 en% monounsaturated fat. Followed by test diets with 19 en% saturated fat (including 14 en% test saturated fatty acid), 3 en% polyunsaturated fat, and 14 en% monounsaturated fat for four weeks. Synthetic fats (trimyristin, tripalmitin, and tristearin) were used in blends with natural fats and oils. Results: Mean concentrations of serum total, esteri®ed and LDL cholesterol were signi®cantly lower after 18:0 than after 16:0 (n 16 ± 18, P`0.01 for treatment effect). Myristic acid (14:0) had an intermediate effect.Receptor-mediated degradation of 125 I-LDL in mononuclear cells obtained from the subjects was lower after 16:0 than after 14:0 and 18:0 (n 16 ± 18, P 0.05 for treatment effect). Differences in the digestibilities of the fats were not a major factor in the results. Strong cholesterolemic responses to the 16:0 diet were partly explained by apoE phenotype. Conclusions: As noted previously, stearic acid was neutral compared to 14:0 and 16:0. In contrast to studies involving natural fats, 14:0, fed as a synthetic triglyceride, was less cholesterolemic than 16:0 in a majority of subjects. ApoE phenotype in¯uenced the cholesterolemic response particularly when diets high in 16:0 were eaten.

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“…These authors (Keys et al, 1965;Hegsted et al, 1965) also reported that 18:0 was neutral. Further, several studies (Mattson & Grundy, 1985;Bonanone & Grundy, 1988) have shown that 16:0 increases TC and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) when it is substituted for carbohydrates or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the diet. However, according to Dietschy (1998) recent important observations have been made in relation to the quantitative effect of dietary fatty acids (FA) on TC that seem to be dependent on the cholesterol consumption, because the simultaneous consumption of either SFA or unsaturated fatty acid will raise or lower, respectively, the LDL-C concentration achieved by the dietary cholesterol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoprotein profiles and serum peroxide levels of aged women consuming palmolein or oleic acid-rich sunflower oil diets

et al. 1998

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Objective: To investigate the hypercholesterolemic effects of a dietary exchange between 16:0 and 18:1 while 18:2 was at relatively lower level ( % 4%) in aged women with initially high total serum cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values and with high intakes of dietary cholesterol. Design: Subjects were assigned to two consecutive 28 d periods. In the ®rst period all subjects followed an oleic acid-rich diet in the form of oleic acid-rich sun¯ower oil. This was followed by a second period rich in palmitic acid in the form of palmolein. Nutrient intakes, serum lipids, lipoproteins, antioxidant vitamins, peroxides and LDL-peroxides were measured at two dietary periods. Setting: Instituto de Nutricio Ân y Bromatologõ Âa (CSIC), Departamento de Nutricio Ân y Bromatologõ Âa I (Nutricio Ân) and Seccio Ân Departamental de Quõ Âmica Analõ Âtica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Results: The palmolein period led to an increase in TC (P`0.001; 17.7%) and serum apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels (P`0.001; 18.0%). LDL-C and LDL-Apo B concentrations were higher (P`0.001, 4.33AE 0.94 mmolaL and P`0.01, 1.08 AE 0.20 gaL, respectively) following this period than following the oleic acid-rich sun¯ower oil diet (3.56 AE 0.85 mmolaL, 0.93 AE 0.16 gaL, respectively). No signi®cant differences were observed in the TCahigh density lipoprotein cholesterol (TCaHDL-C) ratio between the two dietary periods. Serum and LDLperoxides were lower (P`0.01, 49.5%, and P`0.001, 69.0%, respectively) after the palmolein diet than after the oleic acid-rich sun¯ower oil diet. The palmolein diet signi®cantly increased TC, LDL-C, Apo B, VLDLApoB, LDL-ApoB in women with TC ! 6.21 mmolaL or with TC`6.21 mmolaL, but the increase in Apo B, LDL-C and LDL-Apo B was greater among the women with high TC. The palmolein diet increased HDL-C in women with high or with low TC but this rise was on the borderline of statistical signi®cance (P 0.06) only in normocholesterolemics. Serum and LDL-peroxides tended to be higher in women with TC ! 6.21 mmolaL than in women with TC`6.21 mmolaL, but palmolein decreased serum and LDL-peroxide in hypercholesterolemics more than in the normocholesterolemics, resulting in serum and LDL-peroxide levels which theoretically are more adequate. Conclusions: Though palmolein increased LDL-C concentrations, it better protected LDL particles, mainly in women with high TC, against peroxidation than did oleic acid-rich sun¯ower oil. Sponsorship: This study was supported by the Spanish Comision Interministerial de Ciencia Y Tecnologõ Âa

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Effect of Dietary Stearic Acid on Plasma Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Levels

Cited by 813 publications

References 22 publications

Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women

Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women

Effect of synthetic triglycerides of myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid on serum lipoprotein metabolism

Lipoprotein profiles and serum peroxide levels of aged women consuming palmolein or oleic acid-rich sunflower oil diets

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