Lipoprotein profiles and serum peroxide levels of aged women consuming palmolein or oleic acid-rich sunflower oil diets

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the hypercholesterolemic effects of a dietary exchange between 16:0 and 18:1 while 18:2 was at relatively lower level ( % 4%) in aged women with initially high total serum cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values and with high intakes of dietary cholesterol. Design: Subjects were assigned to two consecutive 28 d periods. In the ®rst period all subjects followed an oleic acid-rich diet in the form of oleic acid-rich sun¯ower oil. This was followed by a second period rich in palmitic acid in the form of palmolein. Nutrient intakes, serum lipids, lipoproteins, antioxidant vitamins, peroxides and LDL-peroxides were measured at two dietary periods. Setting: Instituto de Nutricio Ân y Bromatologõ Âa (CSIC), Departamento de Nutricio Ân y Bromatologõ Âa I (Nutricio Ân) and Seccio Ân Departamental de Quõ Âmica Analõ Âtica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Results: The palmolein period led to an increase in TC (P`0.001; 17.7%) and serum apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels (P`0.001; 18.0%). LDL-C and LDL-Apo B concentrations were higher (P`0.001, 4.33AE 0.94 mmolaL and P`0.01, 1.08 AE 0.20 gaL, respectively) following this period than following the oleic acid-rich sun¯ower oil diet (3.56 AE 0.85 mmolaL, 0.93 AE 0.16 gaL, respectively). No signi®cant differences were observed in the TCahigh density lipoprotein cholesterol (TCaHDL-C) ratio between the two dietary periods. Serum and LDLperoxides were lower (P`0.01, 49.5%, and P`0.001, 69.0%, respectively) after the palmolein diet than after the oleic acid-rich sun¯ower oil diet. The palmolein diet signi®cantly increased TC, LDL-C, Apo B, VLDLApoB, LDL-ApoB in women with TC ! 6.21 mmolaL or with TC`6.21 mmolaL, but the increase in Apo B, LDL-C and LDL-Apo B was greater among the women with high TC. The palmolein diet increased HDL-C in women with high or with low TC but this rise was on the borderline of statistical signi®cance (P 0.06) only in normocholesterolemics. Serum and LDL-peroxides tended to be higher in women with TC ! 6.21 mmolaL than in women with TC`6.21 mmolaL, but palmolein decreased serum and LDL-peroxide in hypercholesterolemics more than in the normocholesterolemics, resulting in serum and LDL-peroxide levels which theoretically are more adequate. Conclusions: Though palmolein increased LDL-C concentrations, it better protected LDL particles, mainly in women with high TC, against peroxidation than did oleic acid-rich sun¯ower oil. Sponsorship: This study was supported by the Spanish Comision Interministerial de Ciencia Y Tecnologõ Âa

Adherence to Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and serum lipid, lipoprotein and homocysteine concentrations at birth

“…Present results are relevant as it has been found that lipoprotein profiles at birth and at age 4 are associated [10]. Diets enriched in SFA have been found to increase LDL-c and Apo B values [45] by decreasing the number and activity of LDL-R [44], although information relating maternal diets with LDL-R activity/number during the fetal period is scarce. The higher LDL-c values at the low-MDA-score group show some relationship with a nonsignificant tendency for higher (33 %) oxLDL while AE did not significantly change.…”

“…The existence of active LDL receptors (LDL-R) controlling circulating LDL particles has been reported in the fetus [43]. As each LDL particle contains just a molecule of Apo B [44], it can be calculated that neonates whose mothers consumed high-MDA-score diets presented 43 % less LDL particles than their MDA <7 counterparts. Present results are relevant as it has been found that lipoprotein profiles at birth and at age 4 are associated [10].…”

Plasma lipid profile of Wistar albino rats fed palm oil-supplemented diets

“…Some workers observed increase (Cuesta et al 1998;Mutalib et al, 1999;Mutalib et al, 2002), others report decrease (Zhang et al, 1997a;Zhang et al, 1997b), and yet others no effect (Bosch et. al.…”

“…The initial increase in LDL level in the 8 th week declined to a significantly lower level than the control at the 12 th week in this study, a finding that agrees with other workers (Kamisah et al, 2005;Karaji-Bani et al, 2006). However, other reports of increase in LDL had been made (Cuesta et al, 1998;Mutalib et al, 1999;Mutalib et al, 2002). Increased level of LDL had been documented to contribute to hyperlipidaemia, progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (Lawn, 1992;Nwanjo and Oze, 2007).…”

“…In addition, a beneficial effect on the plasma lipid profile of rats was described by Kamisah et al, (2005). Many other studies provided support for positive contribution of palmitic acid, a major component of palm oil, to hypercholesterolemic effect (Denke and Grundy, 1992;Cuesta et al, 1998).…”