Effect of dietary nitrogen source and crude protein content on nitrogen balance and lactating performance of dairy cows

Migliano, Marina Elena Diniz Amaral; Silano, Camila; Martins, Cristian Marlon de Magalhães Rodrigues; Arcari, Marcos André; Santos, Marcos Veiga dos

doi:10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v53i1p72-87

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We found here that the increase in ruminal ammonia N concentration was directly associated with the observed plasma urea concentration ( Figure 1 a). In agreement with our findings, Migliano et al [ 59 ] likewise reported a strong positive correlation between ruminal ammonia N and plasma urea N. The inclusion of improved forages in TMR diets might contribute to highly degradable protein sources that decreased ruminal ammonia N concentrations, but ruminal ammonia N likely remained adequate for microbial growth [ 60 ]. The ruminal pH that we obtained is normal for lactating dairy cows fed roughage-based diets [ 52 ], perhaps because the dietary NDF concentrations of all of the dietary treatments were sufficient to maintain the optimal ruminal pH for cows fed high-forage diets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Feeding Improved Grass Hays and Eragrostis tef Straw Silage on Milk Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Methane Emission of Lactating Fogera Dairy Cows in Ethiopia

Mekuriaw

Tsunekawa

Ichinohe

et al. 2020

Animals

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The nutritionally imbalanced poor-quality diet feeding is the major constraint of dairy production in tropical regions. Hence, alternative high-quality roughage-based diets are required to improve milk yield and reduce methane emission (CH4). Thus, we tested the effects of feeding natural pasture hay, improved forage grass hays (Napier and Brachiaria Hybrid), and treated crop residues (Eragrostis tef straw) on nutrient digestibility, milk yield, nitrogen balance, and methane emission. The eight lactating Fogera cows selected for the experiment were assigned randomly to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were housed in well-ventilated individual pens and fed a total mixed ration (TMR) comprising 70% roughage and 30% concentrate. The four roughage-based basal dietary treatments supplemented with formulated concentrate were: Control (natural pasture hay (NPH)); treated teff straw silage (TTS); Napier grass hay (NGH); and Brachiaria hybrid grass hay (BhH). Compared with the control diet, the daily milk yield increased (p < 0.01) by 31.9%, 52.9%, and 71.6% with TTS, NGH, and BhH diets, respectively. Cows fed BhH had the highest dry matter intake (8.84 kg/d), followed by NGH (8.10 kg/d) and TTS (7.71 kg/d); all of these intakes were greater (p = 0.01) than that of NPH (6.21 kg/d). Nitrogen digestibility increased (p < 0.01) from the NPH diet to TTS (by 27.7%), NGH (21.7%), and BhH (39.5%). The concentration of ruminal ammonia nitrogen was higher for cows fed NGH than other diets (p = 0.01) and positively correlated with plasma urea nitrogen concentration (R² = 0.45). Feeding TTS, NGH, and BhH hay as a basal diet changed the nitrogen excretion pathway from urine to feces, which can help protect against environmental pollution. Estimated methane yields per dry matter intake and milk yield were decreased in dairy cows fed BhH, NGH, and TTS diets when compared to cows fed an NPH diet (p < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding of TTS, NGH, and BhH roughages as a basal diet to lactating dairy cows in tropical regions improved nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and reduced enteric methane emission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Feeding Improved Grass Hays and Eragrostis tef Straw Silage on Milk Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Methane Emission of Lactating Fogera Dairy Cows in Ethiopia

Mekuriaw

Tsunekawa

Ichinohe

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…nitrogen in the milk is indicative of a de ciency in the fermentation of non-ber carbohydrates, an excess of crude protein in the diet and/or imbalance between the availability of energy and nitrogen in the rumen. Migliano et al (2016) evaluating the use of sugarcane-based diets with high and low concentrations of CP (13 vs. 14.8%) observed higher urea nitrogen in the milk from diet based with 14.8% CP content, and similar DMI, milk production and ef ciency of dietary nitrogen. The cows fed the CS based diets, produced milk numerically higher in SCC than the animals that received the diet based on CSSC (P≥0.05).…”

Section: Foragementioning

confidence: 97%

Diet and bioclimatic conditions on production and milk quality

et al. 2017

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It was aimed to analyze the productive performance of lactating cows on isoprotein fed diets, at differentiated environmental conditions. Eight Holstein cows were used, grouped in two 4 × 4 balanced Latin squares design. The treatments were evaluated in 2 × 2 factorial designs: sources of roughage (corn silage-CS plus concentrate, and the combination of corn silage with sugarcane-CSSC, 1:1 on DM, plus concentrate) and distinct environment (with= WS and without= OS, fan and nebulizers system= Sfn). The estimation of dry matter intake (DMI), productive performance and physicochemical parameters of milk were evaluated. There was no interaction effect of environment factors and source of forage. There was signi cant effects for the source forage factors, where the DMI for the CSSC based diet was higher than the CS based diet in the effect of forage (4.22 vs. 4.06% BW, and 22.3 vs. 21.7 kg/d, respectively, P≤0.05), but with similar milk production correcting 3.5% fat (23.01 vs. 22.62, CSSC and CS; 22.85 vs. 22.78 kg/day, WS and OS, respectively, P≥0.05). The feed ef ciency and conversion was similar in both factors (102.8 vs. 104.7% and 0.99 vs. 1.0, CSSC and CS; 102.5 vs. 104.9% and 1.0 vs. 0.99, WS and OS, respectively, P≥0.05). The bene t-diet cost ratio was higher for CS-based diet than for CSSC (7.44 vs. 6.97, P≤0.05). There were effects only in the forage factor for CP milk (3.26 vs. 3.23%, P≤0.05), lactose (4.54 vs. 4.49%, P≤0.05) and urea nitrogen in milk (23.21 vs. 20.71 mg/dL, P≤0.05) and the superiority arising from the CSSC-based diet in comparison to the CS diet. There was higher for T and THI (28.1 vs. 23.6°C and 75.1 vs. 71.1, respectively, P≤0.05), and lower RH to 2:00 pm (47.7 vs. 64.5%, P≤0.05). The linear score showed negative correlations with DMI, milk production, lactose and urea nitrogen (-0.36,-0.69,-0.44 and-0.32, P≤0.05, respectively). The use of the diet based on CSSC proposed increases in DMI and milk quality without affecting production, but with smaller bene t-diet cost ratio. The use of the environmental cooling system did not improve the production, qualitative parameters of milk and thermal comfort of dairy cows under the conditions evaluated.

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“…If the availability of nitrogen exceeds the need for rumen microorganisms, this excess will be converted to ammonia. The ammonia formed is then absorbed through the rumen wall epithelium and taken to the liver and converted to urea then excreted through the renal or milk production (Migliano et al, 2016). Dry matter intake (DMI) is affected by protein or nitrogen intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis of Bali Cattle Heifers (Bos sondaicus ) Fed Ration Containing Different Energy Protein Level

Suryani

Suama

Mahardika

et al. 2020

Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of energy and protein levels on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis of Bali cattle heifers. The study was conducted in Petang Village, Badung Regency, Province of Bali Indonesia on 12 Bali cattle heifers with initial body weight 193,67 ± 22,55 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of ration consists of different level of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP): ME 2051.41 kcal/kg: 12.04% CP (Treatment A); ME 2107.79 kcal/kg : 13.05% CP (Treatment B); ME 2194.06 kcal/kg : 14.04% CP (Treatment C) and ME 2294.23 kcal/kg : 15.09% CP (Treatment D). Variables measured: nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and growth performance of Bali cattle heifer age of 18 month. This research was a randomized block design. The results showed that increase in ME to 2294.23 kcal /kg and 15.09% CP significantly (P <0.05) increased energy intake to 17,880.57 kcal /day and protein intake 686.56 g /day. Rumen fermentation was also highest (P <0.05) in treatment D seen from total VFA, propionic acid and butyric acid respectively 170.32 mMol, 28.52 mMol and 13.70 mMol. While acetic acid, methane and NGR significantly decreased (P <0.05) respectively 57.77 mMol, 18.38 mMol and 3.07. This resulted in the highest rumen microbial protein synthesis in treatment D which was 562.06 g / day so that it was able to produce the highest ADG too, which was 0.42 kg /day. This study concluded that giving rations containing ME 2294.23 kcal /kg and 15.09% CP increased rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis, resulting in the highest growth compared to lower levels.

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Effect of dietary nitrogen source and crude protein content on nitrogen balance and lactating performance of dairy cows

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Feeding Improved Grass Hays and Eragrostis tef Straw Silage on Milk Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Methane Emission of Lactating Fogera Dairy Cows in Ethiopia

Effect of Feeding Improved Grass Hays and Eragrostis tef Straw Silage on Milk Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Methane Emission of Lactating Fogera Dairy Cows in Ethiopia

Diet and bioclimatic conditions on production and milk quality

Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis of Bali Cattle Heifers (Bos sondaicus ) Fed Ration Containing Different Energy Protein Level

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