Effect of Dietary <i>Bacillus Subtilis </i>C14 and RX7 Strains on Growth Performance, Blood Parameter, and Intestinal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with <i>Salmonella Gallinarum</i>

Abstract

Sixty broilers (initially 1.6 kg and 35 d-old) were used to determine the effect of Bacillus subtilis C14 and RX7 strains on growth performance, blood parameter, and intestinal microbiota in response to experimental challenge with Salmonell gallinarum. Broilers were distributed to 4 treatment groups include: C1 (control group; no challenge, no B. subtilis), C2 (Salmonella-challenged group; S. gallinarum 10 8 cfu/bird), T1 (C2+supplemented with of B. subtilis C14 (1.0×10 9 cfu/g) at 0.1% in diet) and T2 (C2+supplemented with of B. subtilis RX7 (1.0×10 9 cfu/g) at 0.1% in diet). Results indicated that inclusion of B. subtilis (T1, T2) in the diet increased (P＜0.05) the weight gain and feed intake, and improved feed conversion of challenged broilers compared with no B. subtilis supplementation diet (C2). Improvements (P＜0.05) in the immunoglobulin A concentration were observed by the addition of B. subtilis compared with C2 treatment, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α was decreased (P＜0.05). Latobacillus number in small and large intestines was higher (P＜0.05) by B. subtilis additon than C2 treatment but Salmonella numbers were lower (P＜0.05). The results suggested that dietary supplementation of B. subtilis C14 and RX7 improved the growth performance, and affected the blood profiles and intestinal microbiota of broilers against S. gallinarum infection. Therefore, B. subtilis C14 and RX7 may have beneficial effects, in relieving the stress of broilers infected with S. gallinarum.

Bacillus subtilis PS-216 Spores Supplemented in Broiler Chicken Drinking Water Reduce Campylobacter jejuni Colonization and Increases Weight Gain

“…B. subtilis strains have been shown before to reduce pathogens like E. coli (La Ragione et al, 2001) and Salmonella (La Ragione and Woodward, 2003) in the intestine by means of competitive exclusion. Some B. subtilis strains have been shown to promote the colonization of Lactobacillus in chicken intestine (Park et al, 2017), thereby acidifying the intestine and making it an unfriendly environment for C. jejuni. B. subtilis is also known to produce antimicrobials (Tamehiro et al, 2002;Huang et al, 2009;Efremenkova et al, 2016) that might act in the gut, although it is not clear whether these would be expressed in the broiler intestine.…”

“…Adding probiotics as feed/water supplements represents a good Campylobacter control strategy (Koutsoumanis et al, 2020). B. subtilis probiotics have been shown to have immunomodulatory effects in the gut and to modulate the gut microbiota (Hayashi et al, 2018), promote muscle development and meat quality (Zhou et al, 2015), and promote growth, feed conversion and body weight in chickens with potential anti-pathogenic effects, due to their good enzymatic activity (Fritts et al, 2000;Hmani et al, 2017;Park et al, 2017). Although such an intervention might increase production costs somewhat, and consequently the cost of the food on the market, it can also be a cost-effective intervention when the addition of probiotics reduces the risk of Campylobacter and simultaneously increases the growth performance (van Wagenberg et al, 2020).…”

Roadmap for the integration of gastro‐intestinal (GI) tract microbiomes (human and domestic animal) in risk assessments under EFSA's remit

“…For example, an administration of Bacillus Subtilis led to an increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus (Khan & Chousalkar, 2020b;Park et al, 2017;Xing et al, 2021). The administration of probiotics reduced/ prevented the establishment of Salmonella in the gastro-intestinal tract regardless of its serovar (Chen et al, 2020;Deng et al, 2021;Hayashi et al, 2018;Jazi et al, 2019;Khan & Chousalkar, 2020a;Mountzouris et al, 2015;Olnood et al, 2015;Park et al, 2017) but also in other compartments such as the liver or the spleen what could be explain by the increase in intestinal permeability (Hayashi et al, 2018;Jazi et al, 2019;Khan & Chousalkar, 2020a, 2020bXing et al, 2021). In some studies, probiotics have also reduced the www.efsa.europa.eu/publications EFSA Supporting publication 2024:EN-8597…”

“…In some cases, the use of probiotics has prevented Salmonella-induced weight loss (Chen et al, 2020;Deng et al, 2021;Jazi et al, 2019;Mountzouris et al, 2015;Park et al, 2017). This can be explained by the decrease in diarrhea (Deng et al, 2021), the increase in the intestinal villi height (Chen et al, 2020;Deng et al, 2021;Jazi et al, 2019) but also the decrease in inflammatory and oxidative markers (Adhikari et al, 2019;Chang et al, 2019Chang et al, , 2020Chen et al, 2020;Deng et al, 2021;Park et al, 2017).…”

Advances in Enteropathogen Control Throughout the Meat Chicken Production Chain

“…There is a large number of studies with data showing that addition of Bacillus [58,208,[210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][220][221][222][223][224]226] and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based DFM additives [26,46,47,103,180,182,208,210,[228][229][230]234,235] to feed can be effective against Salmonella in broilers, while Saccharomyces [26,[242][243][244] and combinations of Saccharomyces and bacteria [240,246,247,249] also may be effective. Bacillus-based DFMs are particularly suited to use as feed additives as Bacillus is a spore-forming organism, giving it resistance to stress during storage and the high temperatures used in the feed pelleting process [206].…”