Effect of dietary lipids on circulating adiponectin: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Abstract

Different dietary interventions have been identified as potential modifiers of adiponectin concentrations, and they may be influenced by lipid intake. We identified studies investigating the effect of dietary lipids (type/amount) on adiponectin concentrations in a systematic review with meta-analysis. A literature search was conducted until July 2013 using databases such as Medline, Embase and Scopus (MeSH terms: 'adiponectin', 'dietary lipid', 'randomized controlled trials (RCT)'). Inclusion criteria were RCT in adults analysing adiponectin concentrations with modification of dietary lipids. Among the 4930 studies retrieved, fifty-three fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were grouped as follows: (1) total dietary lipid intake; (2) dietary/supplementary n-3 PUFA; (3) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation; (4) other dietary lipid interventions. Diets with a low fat content in comparison to diets with a high-fat content were not associated with positive changes in adiponectin concentrations (twelve studies; pooled estimate of the difference in means: 20·04 (95 % CI 2 0·82, 0·74) mg/ml). A modest increase in adiponectin concentrations with n-3 PUFA supplementation was observed (thirteen studies; 0·27 (95 % CI 0·07, 0·47) mg/ml). Publication bias was found by using Egger's test (P¼ 0·01) and funnel plot asymmetry. In contrast, CLA supplementation reduced the circulating concentrations of adiponectin compared with unsaturated fat supplementation (seven studies; 20·74 (95 % CI 21·38, 2 0·10) mg/ml). However, important sources of heterogeneity were found as revealed by the meta-regression analyses of both n-3 PUFA and CLA supplementation. Results of new RCT would be necessary to confirm these findings.

A randomized, crossover, head-to-head comparison of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation to reduce inflammation markers in men and women: the Comparing EPA to DHA (ComparED) Study

“…The data confirm the indirect evidence from the meta-analysis by Li et al (5), which suggested that the anti-inflammatory effects of mixed LCn-3PUFAs seen in previous studies may have been attributable to DHA. Results from a meta-analysis of 13 RCTs suggested a modest increase in plasma adiponectin concentrations with LCn-3PUFA supplementation (27), but our data indicate that this effect may also be attributable more specifically to DHA.…”

Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

“…In vitro human adipocyte studies found that EPA and DHA (100 μM) treatment for 48 h, increases adiponectin secretion, and that only EPA led to higher cellular adiponectin being introduced into the adipocytes, suggesting that the regulation of adiponectin by n -3 PUFAs is dose- and time-dependent and that it can be affected by the maturation stage of adipocytes [9]. However, another study of supplementation with n -3 PUFAs in Mexican children and adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance, showed that for n -3 PUFAs, the duration of treatment is not associated with the effects observed and that the dosage could be more important, which in this case would suggest that in our study the n -3 PUFA dose we used can be considered low [45]. …”

Pathophysiology of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…High-fat, but not low fat, diets were associated with increased adiponectin levels, whereas a modest increase was reported with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation [55]; however, on the contrary, conjugated linoleic acid supplementation showed a reduction in adiponectin levels [55]. In mice, a high-carbohydrate diet was shown to increase adiponectin levels [56], and in humans, Rezvani et al reported a significant increase of adiponectin levels during the consumption of glucose, but not fructose [57].…”