Effect of dietary lipid on growth, expression of canthaxanthin-based coloration, digestive enzymes activities and immunity in blood parrot cichlidAmphilophus citrinellus × Paraneetroplus synspilus

Abstract

A 42-day experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of four different lipid containing diets (lipid 74.0, 105.3, 135.0, 168.1 g/kg diet) on growth, digestive enzymes activities, immunology and expression of canthaxanthin-based coloration in parrot cichlid (Amphilophus citrinellus × Paraneetroplus synspilus). Each diet contained canthaxanthin 0.05 g/kg diet. Two hundred and eighty-eight fish were randomly stocked into 12 glass aquaria to form four triplicate groups. Fish were fed one of four diets daily at 20 g/kg of their total body weight. Growth, digestive enzymes activities, immunology and body colour parameters were measured at the end of experiment.Based on the polynomial regression of dietary lipid level and specific growth rate, the dietary lipid level inclusion was calculated as 117.2 g/kg for the highest specific growth rate of these animals. The polynomial regression of skin colour parameters and dietary lipid levels indicated the critical threshold lipid inclusions in diet: 113.7 g/kg for the best expression of lightness, 112.1 g/kg for redness, 127.5 g/kg for yellowness and 125.3 g/kg for chroma of fish's skin. Considering redness, lightness and specific growth rate are most important variables, a diet containing lipid 115.0 g/kg can be recommended for blood parrot cichlid. K E Y W O R D Senzymatic activity, growth, immunity, lipid, redness, yellowness

Dietary lipid levels affect growth, feed utilization, lipid deposition, health status and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii

“…The current study discovered enhanced lipase activity in the spiral valve intestine of Acipenser Baerii when the dietary lipid level rose from L5 to L17, corresponding to growth trend. This finding was supported by the studies conducted in Manchurian trout (Chang et al, 2018), blood parrot cichlid (Amphilophus citrinellus × Paraneetroplus synspilus) (Li et al, 2018), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and yellow drum (Nibea albiflora) (Wang et al, 2016). A further increase in dietary lipid led to the decrease in lipase activity from 6.42 (L17) to 5.47 (L25), indicating that the lipase secretion was inhibited by high-lipid diet.…”

“…However, improper lipid content in the feed caused the decline in growth and health status (Meng et al, 2019;Picolo et al, 2021;Qiang et al, 2017). The lipid requirement varied from different fish species (Chang et al, 2018;Li et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2017), and the same fish had distinct lipid requirements at different development stages (Han et al, 2014;Li et al, 2016;Luo et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2016). Therefore, lipid requirement assessment is very necessary for the healthy and rapid development of the aquaculture industry.…”

“…Li et al (2016) detected that the activities of trypsin and amylase in the digestive tract showed downward trends with the increase in lipid intake, whileLi et al (2018) and Meng et al (2019) observed opposite results. However, Wang et al (2018) believed the dietary lipid levels had no significant influences on trypsin and amylase activities, corroborated by the present study.…”

Effects of dietary vegetable oil on growth performance, digestive capacity, antioxidant capacity and expression of immune‐related genes in the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ ×E. lanceolatus♂)

“…Feeding golden pompano with VO diets, the amylase, lipase and trypsin activities decreased sharply, which had a negative effect on intestinal digestion and absorption (You et al., 2019). Li, Rahman, Lin, and Chiu (2018) reported that the growth performance of blood parrot cichlid ( Amphilophus citrinellus × Paraneetroplus synspilus ) was positively correlated with intestinal digestive enzymes, which may be attributed to the regulation of the diet lipid levels. This explains why the growth performance of the LO and RO groups was better than that of the PO group.…”

Primer reporte del pez Amphilophus citrinellus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) en cuerpos de agua natural para República Dominicana

“…Tabla I. Caracteres merísticos seleccionados de ejemplares de Amphilophus citrinellus colectados en la presa de Hatillo, comparados con los encontrados por Stauffer y Mckaye (2002) A. citrinellus o cíclido de Midas (conocido en el mercado de acuarios como parrot fish o cichlid midas fish), es una especie de cíclido nativa de lagos y cráteres volcánicos inundados de Nicaragua y Costa Rica (Stauffer y McKaye, 2002). Este organismo es altamente utilizado en el comercio de mascotas por sus atractivos colores (Arias, 2011) y se ha utilizado en hibridación con otras especies de acuario (Li et al, 2018;Aqmal-Naser y Ahmad, 2020).…”