An 8-week growth trial was performed to evaluate the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on growth, digestive enzymes, body composition, intestinal microbiota, serum immunological, anti-oxidative and biochemical parameters of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). Fish were randomly divided to control, GSPs-50 and GSPs-100 groups, which were fed with a basal diet and basal diet supplemented with 50 and 100 mg/kg GSPs, respectively. Growth performance and digestive enzymes were improved by GSPs in sturgeon (p < .05).Lysozyme was clearly increased in serum when sturgeon fed with GSPs diets, while the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) displayed opposite trend (p < .05).Myeloperoxidase and glutathione peroxidase in serum of GSPs-50 were higher than control and GSPs-100 (p < .05). Serum parameters showed alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase of GSPs-50 were lower than control (p < .05). Compared with the control treatment, GSPs-100 reduced alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and increased aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase (p < .05). High-throughput sequencing revealed that adding 50 mg/kg GSPs not only modified the microbiota diversity, but also reduced the relative abundance of Aeromonas in sturgeon intestine. In conclusion, GSPs are a promising feed additive to promote growth, immunity, antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities and improve serum biochemical parameters and intestinal microbiota of hybrid sturgeon.
A 10-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth, feed utilization, lipid deposition, health status and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Six isonitrogenous diets were formulated with lipid levels at 51.1 (L5), 88.7 (L9), 129.6 (L13), 169.3 (L17), 208.4 (L21) and 248.8 g/kg (L25). The sturgeons fed with L17 had the highest growth and feed utilization. Higher dietary lipid obtained significantly lower PPV than that of L17 (p < .05). Based on WGR, PPV, the optimal dietary lipid was estimated at 169.9, 176.0 g/ kg. The lipid deposition in the whole body, muscle and liver enhanced significantly as the dietary lipid increased (p < .05). Dietary lipid levels affected serum biochemical parameters, with the highest AST, TC, LDL-C and LDL-C/TC in L21 or L25 group and highest HDL-C in the L17 group. Serum antioxidants, oxidants and liver MDA content maintained upward trends with increasing dietary lipid from 51.1 to 248.8 g/kg (p < .05). Lipase activity in the spiral valve intestine increased when dietary lipid rose from 51.1 to 169.3 g/kg, but declined when lipid level up to 208.4 and 248.8 g/kg (p > .05).To sum up, the optimal dietary lipid was 169.9-176.0 g/kg for juvenile Acipenser baerii.
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