Effect of Dietary High Molybdenum on the Cell Cycle and Apoptosis of Kidney in Broilers

Abstract

The experiment was conducted with the objective of examining the effects of high molybdenum on the cell cycle and apoptosis of kidney in broilers by the methods of flow cytometry. Three hundred 1-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into four groups, and fed on diets as follows: control diet (Mo 13 mg/kg) and high molybdenum diets (Mo 500 mg/kg, high molybdenum group I; Mo 1,000 mg/kg, high molybdenum group II; Mo 1,500 mg/kg, high molybdenum group III) for 6 weeks. The results showed that the relative weight of kidney were higher (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the cellular percentages of G(0)/G(1) phase were lower, and cellular percentages of S phase and the proliferating index were higher in high molybdenum groups II and III than in control group (P < 0.01). The percentage of renal cell apoptosis was increased in high molybdenum groups II and III when compared with that of control group (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical test showed that there were increased frequencies of positive cells containing Bax protein and decreased frequencies of positive cells containing Bcl-2 protein in high molybdenum groups II and III. It was concluded that dietary high molybdenum (1,000 mg/kg and 1,500 mg/kg) impaired the progression of renal cells from S phase to G(2)M phase obviously and induced renal cell apoptosis.

Alterations in antioxidant function and cell apoptosis in duck spleen exposed to molybdenum and/or cadmium

“…Additionally, high levels of Mo can result in unregulated expression of Bax, CytC, and Caspase-3, whereas it downregulates Bcl-2 in goat kidney [12]. Mo administration has induced an increase in Bax expression and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression in chicken kidney cells [39]. In this study, Mo and/or Cd treatment resulted in downregulation of Bcl-2 mRNA expression but upregulation of Bak-1 and Caspase-3 mRNA expression in duck spleen tissue.…”

Cell apoptosis of caprine spleen induced by toxicity of cadmium with different levels of molybdenum

“…Bax oligomerization is thought to increase the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability, leading the release of apoptotic proteins, like Cyt c into the cytoplasm. Previous research has indicated that Cd induced renal apoptosis by modulating Bax and Bcl-2 expression (Chen et al, 2013), and Mo also increased Bax protein and decreased Bcl-2 protein (Xiao et al, 2011). Smac promotes apoptosis through mediating the interaction between caspases and IAPs (Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins).…”

Alteration of the Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota under High Levels of Molybdenum and Green Tea Polyphenols in Laying Hens

“…The literature about MO exposure in laying hens is limited, but previous studies conducted in human and rats indicated that high MO can lead to growth depression, impairment of reproductive performance, and renal failure [24,25,26]. Moreover, it has been indicated that exposure to high levels of MO can result in spleen and kidney toxicity in broilers and ducks [10,27,28,29], which may cause growth retardation and reduction in productive performance. In case of liver damage, blood concentration of ALT and AST, the main aminotransferases involved in the synthesis process of nonessential amino acid, would increase, reflecting impaired hepatic ALT and AST activities [30].…”

“…In case of liver damage, blood concentration of ALT and AST, the main aminotransferases involved in the synthesis process of nonessential amino acid, would increase, reflecting impaired hepatic ALT and AST activities [30]. It has been reported that excessive MO may result in morphological and functional changes in the liver, kidney, and spleen [10,27]. Xanthophylls, a subclass of carotenoids, are responsible for egg yolk pigmentation [31].…”