Alteration of the Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota under High Levels of Molybdenum and Green Tea Polyphenols in Laying Hens

Abstract

High dietary levels of molybdenum (MO) can negatively affect productive performances and health status of laying hens, while tea polyphenol (TP) can mitigate the negative impact of high MO exposure. However, our understanding of the changes induced by TP on MO challenged layers performances and oxidative status, and on the microbiota, remains limited. The aim of the present study was to better understand host (performances and redox balance) and microbiota responses in MO-challenged layers with dietary TP. In this study, 200 Lohmann laying hens (65-week-old) were randomly allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial design to receive a diet with or without MO (0 or 100 mg/kg), and supplemented with either 0 or 600 mg/kg TP. The results indicate that 100 mg/kg MO decreased egg production (p = 0.03), while dietary TP increased egg production in MO challenged layers (p < 0.01). Egg yolk color was decreased by high MO (p < 0.01), while dietary TP had no effect on yolk color (p > 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration were increased by high MO, while total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, glutathione s-transferase (GSH-ST), and glutathione concentration in serum were decreased (p < 0.05). Dietary TP was able to reverse the increasing effect of MO on ALT and AST (p < 0.05). High MO resulted in higher MO levels in serum, liver, kidney, and egg, but it decreased Cu and Se content in serum, liver, and egg (p < 0.05). The Fe concentration in liver, kidney, and eggs was significantly lower in MO supplementation groups (p < 0.05). High MO levels in the diet led to lower Firmicutes and higher Proteobacteria abundance, whereas dietary TP alone and/or in high MO treatment increased the Firmicutes abundance and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at phylum level. High MO increased the abundance of Proteobacteria (phylum), Deltaproteobacteria (class), Mytococcales (order), and Nanocystaceae (family), whereas dietary TP promoted the enrichment of Lactobacillus agilis (species). Dietary TP also enhanced the enrichment of Bacilli (class), Lactobacillates (order), Lactobacillus (family), and Lactobacillus gasseri (species). Microbiota analysis revealed differentially enriched microbial compositions in the cecum caused by MO and TP, which might be responsible for the protective effect of dietary TP during a MO challenge.

Algae-Derived Polysaccharides Promote Growth Performance by Improving Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens

“…With the ongoing intensification of the poultry industry, broiler chickens are continuously exposed to various external stressors resulting in excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disturbing the redox balance in the chicken's body, contributing to oxidative stress ( 26 , 27 ). Oxidative stress is one of the major factors adversely influencing the performance of chickens and leads to many metabolic disorders ( 16 , 28 , 29 ). Antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD and CAT, are known for their scavenging oxygen free radical property, thereby providing the first line of cellular defense against oxidative damage ( 30 , 31 ).…”

Micronutrients impact the gut microbiota and blood glucose

“…A high dose of molybdenum (100 mg/kg) lowers the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increases Proteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria (class), Mytococcales (order), and Nanocystaceae (family) in hens. This altered gut profile induced by molybdenum was associated with lower serum antioxidant measures and increased circulating markers of impaired liver function (alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (Wang et al 2019b). These results suggest the changes in gut microbes correlate with molybdenum-induced effects on liver function.…”

The Effect of Oxidative Stress on the Chicken Ovary: Involvement of Microbiota and Melatonin Interventions

“…Oxidative stress has been proven to be linked to the internal mechanism for aging [ 5 , 6 ], many environmental stressors and chemical toxicants (gamma radiation, mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, etc. ), and health disorders [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, a large number of studies have shown that an excessive increase in ROS production will induce rapid primordial follicle loss and follicular atresia to lead to reproductive dysfunction [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”