Effect of dietary fiber or fat in low-crude protein, crystalline amino acid-supplemented diets for finishing pigs.

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of reducing NE, by adding dietary fiber in Exp. 1 and 2 and decreasing dietary fat in Exp. 3, of low-CP, crystalline amino acid (CAA)-supplemented diets for finishing pigs on growth performance and carcass characteristics. In Exp. 1 and 2, 64 barrows (Exp. 1) or gilts (Exp. 2) were allotted to four treatments with four replicates of four pigs each. Average initial and final BW were 74 and 117 kg in Exp. 1 and 74 and 102 kg in Exp. 2. The following diets were fed in Exp. 1: 1) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM); 2) low-CP (-3.5%), supplemented with CAA; 3) CAA + rice hulls (CAA+RH; NE equal to Diet 1); and 4) CAA+RH+OIL (NE equal to Diet 2). Experiment 2 was similar to Exp. 1, except RH were replaced with wheat middlings (WM), oil was replaced with dry fat, and the CP was decreased by 3.1% in the low-CP diets. In both experiments, serum urea-N (SUN, corrected for initial SUN by covariance analysis) was higher (P<.10) for pigs fed C-SBM than for pigs fed any other diet. In Exp. 1, barrows fed CAA+RH had lower hot carcass weight, percentage muscle, fat-free lean (FFLEAN), lean gain per day, retained energy (RE) in FFLEAN, and lean:fat ratio than barrows fed C-SBM, along with less FFLEAN than barrows fed CAA+RH+OIL. Barrows fed CAA+RH had smaller longissimus muscle areas than barrows fed any other diet, and barrows fed C-SBM had higher dressing percentage and lower percentage total fat than barrows fed any other diet. Barrows fed C-SBM had higher lean:fat ratio and lower total fat than barrows fed CAA. In Exp. 2, gilts fed CAA+WM+FAT had heavier heart weights than gilts fed C-SBM or CAA (P<.10). In Exp. 3, 702 gilts were allotted to six treatments with nine replicates of 13 gilts each. Average initial and final BW were 70 and 110 kg. Gilts were fed two levels of CP (15.5 or 11.7% plus CAA added to meet an ideal amino acid ratio) and three levels of NE (2,650, 2,617, or 2,584 kcal/kg), resulting in a 2x3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Gilts fed 15.5% CP had higher gain:feed ratio than gilts fed 11.7% CP (P<.01). Longissimus depth was greater for gilts fed 15.5% CP than for gilts fed 11.7% CP and was decreased as NE decreased only in gilts fed 11.7% CP (CP effect, P<.09; NE linear effect, P<.04; CP x NE effect, P<.01). Gilts fed the diet with 2,617 kcal NE had lighter carcasses and less total fat, fat gain per day, RE, and RE as fat regardless of protein level than gilts fed 2,650 or 2,584 kcal NE/kg (NE quadratic, P<.09). Loin color score increased as NE decreased (linear, P<.06), but longissimus fat depth was increased by the lowest level of NE (NE quadratic effect, P<.09). Overall, the reduction of NE in low-CP, CAA-supplemented diets did not affect growth performance and was not an effective means of reducing fat in finishing pigs.

Características de carcaça e peso de vísceras em suínos alimentados com rações contendo baixos teores de proteína bruta

“…Este mesmo resultado foi verificado em outros experimentos (KNOWLES et al 1998;CHEN et al 1999;KERR et al 2003). A duração do período experimental talvez explique os resultados observados.…”

Pengaruh Penggunaan Sekam Padi Dalam Ransum Berbasis Limbah Pangan Hotel Kering Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Karkas Babi

“…Hasil ini sejalan dengan data berat badan akhir dari setiap kelompok pada penelitian ini, karena berat potong babi sangat dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan babi selama pemeliharaan. Hasil ini sesuai dengan yang dilaporkan Knowles et al (1998) dan Len et al (2008) Len et al (2008), yaitu pemberian serat pada konsentrasi tinggi dalam ransum akan menurunkan berat karkas ternak babi masa pertumbuhan. Persentase karkas kelompok R0, R1, dan R2 lebih tinggi (P<0,05) daripada R3 (Tabel 3).…”

“…Hasil ini disebabkan karena berat karkas ternak babi kelompok R3 jauh lebih rendah daripada ketiga perlakuan lainnya. Hasil ini sesuai dengan penelitian Knowles et al (1998) dan Len et al (2008) yang mendapatkan bahwa pemberian serat dalam ransum ternak babi pada konsentrasi yang tinggi akan menurunkan persentase karkas segar yang dihasilkan.…”

“…Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Demigne et al (2001) yang menyatakan bahwa konsumsi serat menyebabkan peningkatan waktu transit dari mulut sampai ke sekum, menurunkan laju aliran asam empedu ke usus halus, sehingga akan menurunkan laju pergantian sirkulasi enterohepatik. Hasil ini sesuai dengan yang pernah dilaporkan oleh Shriver et al (2003), Myer et al (1999) dan Knowles et al (1998), yaitu peningkatan serat kasar dalam ransum pada konsentrasi yang paling tinggi akan menurunkan loin eye area.…”

Expression of cationic amino acid transporters, carcass traits, and performance of growing pigs fed low-protein amino acid-supplemented versus high protein diets

“…However, the performance response of pigs fed low-protein, free AA supplemented diets (F-AA) has not been consistent. Some reports show that a reduction of four or less CP percentage units in corn-soybean meal (SBM) diets does not affect the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs (Tuitoek et al, 1997;Knowles et al, 1998;Le Bellego et al, 2002). Moreover, Barrera et al (2004) showed that free Lys and Thr could replace SBM completely in wheat diets for growing pigs without affecting their performance.…”