Effect of dietary fat concentration from condensed corn distillers' solubles, during the growing phase, on beef cattle performance, carcass traits, digestibility, and ruminal metabolism

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of fat concentration from corn distillers' solubles (CDS), fed during the growing phase, on DMI, gain, carcass traits, digestibility, ruminal metabolism, and methane emissions of steers. In Exp. 1, 40 steers (age = 136 ± 20 d; BW = 185 ± 11 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments: 1) a cosrn-based gro\wing diet (CNT), 2) 0% CDS, 3) 10% CDS, 4) 19% CDS, or 5) 27% CDS. Diets 2 through 5 included coproducts (corn gluten feed and soybean hulls) and were formulated to achieve fat concentrations of 3, 5, 7, and 9%, respectively. Diets were fed once daily for 106 d (growing phase). All steers were fed a corn-based diet from d 107 to 196. Contrasts were used to examine 1) the difference between CNT and 10% CDS and 2) linear and quadratic effects of CDS inclusion. During the growing phase, steers fed CNT had increased ( < 0.01) ADG and G:F compared with steers fed 10% CDS. Increasing CDS inclusion increased (linear, ≤ 0.02) ADG and G:F. Overall, steers fed CNT had increased ( < 0.01) ADG compared with steers fed 10% CDS, but increasing CDS inclusion had no effect ( = 0.19) on overall ADG. Overall DMI and G:F were not different ( ≥ 0.16) in any contrast. There was a trend (Linear; = 0.08) for ultrasound marbling at d 196 to increase as CDS inclusion increased; however, there were no effects ( ≥ 0.20) of treatment on carcass marbling or quality grade. In Exp. 2, 5 steers (BW = 335 ± 56 kg) were fed Exp. 1 diets for ad libitum intakes in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Apparent DM digestibility increased (linear, = 0.02) with increasing dietary CDS inclusion. Steers fed CNT had greater ( = 0.01) DM digestibility than those fed 10% CDS. Fat digestibility increased (linear, < 0.01) in steers with increasing CDS, but NDF and ADF digestibility were not affected ( ≥ 0.17) by treatment. Similarly, ruminal pH and VFA concentrations were not affected ( ≥ 0.13). Also, there was no difference ( ≥ 0.37) in ruminal methane emissions (g/h). In conclusion, feeding corn during the growing phase increased overall ADG compared with 10% CDS coproduct-based diet but did not affect carcass traits or methane production. Increasing dietary fat inclusion from CDS in coproduct-based diets linearly increased DM and fat digestibility and predicted marbling scores via ultrasound but did not affect marbling at slaughter, NDF digestibility, propionate, or methane production.

Effect of waste mango silage on the in vitro gas production, in situ digestibility, intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal characteristics in calf diets

“…Volatile fatty acid production is a result of rumen microbiota metabolism, which is influenced by diet composition and texture, pH, intake frequency, and enzyme activity and accounts for 50%-70% of digestible energy [41]. The VFA values in this study are lower than those published by Seger et al [45], who reported a total VFA production of 86.81 mmol/L, with 46.29 mmol/L acetate, 25.37 mmol/L propionate, and an acetate: propionate ratio of 2.00 with a diet containing 20% corn silage, 52% broken corn, and 18% distiller's grain. The results of the ruminal variables in our study were higher than those reported by Carbajal-Márquez et al [20], who reported a pH of 6.89, 2.97 mg/dL N-NH 3 , 3.32 × 10 5 cells/mL PC, 4.21 × 10 9 cells/mL TBC, 4.80 × 10 7 cells/mL CB, 15.63 mU/mg cellulase protein, 35.06 mmol/L VFA, 22.23 mmol/L acetate, 8.02 mmol/L propionate, 4.82 mmol/L butyrate, and an acetate: propionate ratio of 2.76 using protein supplementation containing 28% soybean meal, 4% urea, 7% corn grain, 56% hay, and 5% mineral salt.…”

“…T0 and T2 quantified an average of 393 and 191 g/kg for NDF and ADF, respectively, which represented 90 g more NDF and 46 g more ADF than the average of T1 and T3. In vivo digestibility of DM, NDF, and ADF in the treatments (Table-6) resulted in values higher than those reported by Seger et al [45] and Liu et al [46]. Seger et al [45] published the digestibility of 775, 696, and 715 g/kg for DM, NDF, and ADF, respectively, from a diet containing 20% corn silage, 52% broken corn, and 18% distillers' grain.…”

“…In vivo digestibility of DM, NDF, and ADF in the treatments (Table-6) resulted in values higher than those reported by Seger et al [45] and Liu et al [46]. Seger et al [45] published the digestibility of 775, 696, and 715 g/kg for DM, NDF, and ADF, respectively, from a diet containing 20% corn silage, 52% broken corn, and 18% distillers' grain. The report by Liu et al [46] indicated a measurement of 579, 632, 653, 653, 476, and 415 g/kg for DMD, OMD, CPD, NDFD, and ADFD, respectively, in a finishing diet for Simmental breed bulls composed of 50% corn silage and 26.6% broken corn.…”

Effect of dietary lipid inclusion from by-product-based pellets on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestion in finishing beef heifers

“…Similarly, ruminal pH and SCFA were not altered. In a study conducted using growing beef cattle fed dietary EE ranging from 3 to 9% and sourced from corn distillers solubles, it was found that true NDF and ADF digestiblity were not affected while the apparent EE digestibility increased with increasing dietary lipid content (Segers et al 2015). Also, as observed in the present study, increasing EE content to 5.9% by provision of HLP containing increasing levels of off-grade canola had no effect on ruminal pH, SCFA concentrations, or apparent ruminal nutrient digestibility other than for EE.…”

Growth performance and carcass traits of young nellore bulls supplemented with or without addition of lipids

“…Supplementation of beef cattle with lipids during the growth phase may be an attractive way to improve the efficiency of beef production (SAN VITO et al, 2018). Lipid supplements, when added to feed, causes an increase in the net energy consumed, resulting in an increase in production because the increased energy consumed improves production efficiency and consequently can improve produce carcasses with better finishing characteristics (GOUVÊA et al, 2016;SEGERS et al, 2015;PHOEMCHALARD;URIYAPONGSON, 2015).…”