Effect of Dietary Consumption, Advanced Age and Overweight on the Physical Characteristics of Cholesterol Gallstones and Biliary Lipid Composition in West Algerian Women

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age, overweight and food consumption on the number and size of cholesterol stones and bile composition in west Algerian women undergoing surgery for cholelithiasis. Patients were divided into four groups according to body mass index (BMI, weight/height², kg/m²) and age. The highest number of patients with cholesterol gallstones was observed in the older women, in particular in those being overweight. In all patients, the stone number and size was approximately similar. The same dietary consumption was observed in older and young patients. Overweight patients were characterized by higher energy consumption (14.5 ± 2.0 MJ·day^–1) versus normal-weight patients (10.6 ± 1.3 MJ·day^–1; p < 0.01) and versus Mediterranean diet (8 MJ·day^–1). In normal-weight patients, the cholesterol saturation index (CSI) was higher in older patients (+56%) versus young patients while it diminished (–53%) in older overweight versus young patients. In older patients, the CSI was fourfold higher in normal-weight compared to overweight patients (p < 0.001). In conclusion, differences in food consumption were noted in overweight patients compared to normal-weight patients. Advanced age and overweight impaired biliary lipid composition, increased the number of patients with cholesterol gallstones but did not significantly affect the physical characteristics of west Algerian women.

BMI&nbsp;is an Independent Risk Factor for New-onset Asymptomatic Gallbladder Stone Disease in Overweight Population: A Case-control Study in Northwest China

“…The latter factors are induced by chronic overweight, promoting GSD through their respective mechanisms, while the inverse correlation between BMI and GSD may result from the above stronger confounding factors, which could interfere with the effect of BMI on GSD formation. In addition, overweight might not only impair biliary lipid composition, diminishing cholesterol saturation index to increase the incidence of cholesterol gallstones [45], but also reduce leptin to decrease gallbladder contractility [28]. Therefore, the formation of gallbladder stones is enhanced by the imbalance between the amounts of total cholesterol, bile acids and lecithin, in combination with the abovementioned factors in chronic overweight before obesity [46], corroborating the present results.…”

A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of the impact of diurnal intermittent fasting during Ramadan on body weight in healthy subjects aged 16 years and above

“…Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF) may be one of the most extensively studied types of religious fasting [30, 31], with a vast number of original research, system-atic reviews and meta-analyses demonstrating that RDIF is associated with variable changes in body weight [32][33][34], body composition [33, 35-37] and fat mass [38,39], with an emphasis on visceral fat [40], serum lipids [34,41,42], immunomodulatory responses [43][44][45][46][47], and inlammatory and oxidative stress changes [46,[48][49][50][51][52][53]. Furthermore, some Azizi [7] reported that RDIF yielded changes in body weight that varied between individuals, ranging from weight gain to weight loss, depending on total caloric intake during the fasting night hours in comparison to the pre-fasting intakes [7].…”

“…Subgroup analysis for body weight change was performed to investigate diferences between countries. We :Co de [42] cant changes in body weight over Ramadan 22 16 Norouzy et al [128] Iran achieved this subgroup analysis if three or more studies were available from any given country.…”

Prevention or surgical treatment of gallstones in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery for obesity

“…Subsequently, hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis is increased, giving a theoretical potential to therapy with cholesterol-lowering agents [9]. Increased hepatic cholesterol synthesis results in a rise of bile cholesterol-saturation index that is proportional to BMI but independent of other variables such as ethnicity, gender, or age [10]. Morbidly obese individuals have also been shown to have increased levels of mucin within the gallbladder, which accelerates the growth of cholesterol monohydrate crystals into gallstones.…”