Effect of Dietary Components from Antarctic Krill on Atherosclerosis in apoE‐Deficient Mice

Parolini, Cinzia; Bjørndal, Bodil; Busnelli, M.; Manzini, Stefano; Ganzetti, Giulia; Dellera, F.; Ramsvik, Marie Sannes; Bruheim, Inge; Berge, Rolf K.; Chiesa, Giulia

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201700098

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This fits nicely with the previously described picture, but it must be taken into account that fish and its related products, while correlated with a reduced atherosclerosis risk [278,279], are a major choline source [280]. Fish might contain elevated choline levels, yet that is balanced by omega-3 [281] and anti-atherogenic peptide content [278], whereas red meat consumption is purportedly athero-prone for its high-salt, saturated fat content and polycyclic aromatic carcinogens caused by high-temperature cooking [282]. It must be taken into account how these aspects are not necessarily related to red meat.…”

Section: Choline Metabolites and Cvdsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Gut Microbiota Affects Host Pathophysiology as an Endocrine Organ: A Focus on Cardiovascular Disease

2019

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It is widely recognized that the microorganisms inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract—the gut microbiota—deeply affect the pathophysiology of the host. Gut microbiota composition is mostly modulated by diet, and gut microorganisms communicate with the different organs and tissues of the human host by synthesizing hormones and regulating their release. Herein, we will provide an updated review on the most important classes of gut microbiota-derived hormones and their sensing by host receptors, critically discussing their impact on host physiology. Additionally, the debated interplay between microbial hormones and the development of cardiovascular disease will be thoroughly analysed and discussed.

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Section: Choline Metabolites and Cvdsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Gut Microbiota Affects Host Pathophysiology as an Endocrine Organ: A Focus on Cardiovascular Disease

2019

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“…While it is true that there was a remarkable absolute reduction of total cholesterol (−229 mg·dl −1 ), plasma cholesterol levels remained very high, a characteristic feature of this mouse model. Nonetheless, this reduction in the lipid levels, however limited, should be paralleled by a reduced plaque development (Parolini et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anaesthetized mice were killed by exsanguination as a result of perfusion with PBS. Aorta was then rapidly harvested as described (Parolini et al, ), longitudinally opened and pinned flat on a black wax surface in ice‐cold PBS and then photographed unstained for plaque quantification (see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenretinide treatment accelerates atherosclerosis development in apoE‐deficient mice in spite of beneficial metabolic effects

Busnelli

Manzini

Bonacina

et al. 2019

British J Pharmacology

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Background and Purpose: Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid derivative first investigated for cancer prevention and treatment, has been shown to ameliorate glucose tolerance, improve plasma lipid profile and reduce body fat mass. These effects, together with its ability to inhibit ceramide synthesis, suggest that fenretinide may have an anti-atherosclerotic action.Experimental Approach: To this aim, nine-week-old apoE-knockout (EKO) female mice were fed for twelve weeks a Western diet, without (control) or with (0.1% w/ w) fenretinide. As a reference, wild-type (WT) mice were treated similarly. Growth and metabolic parameters were monitored throughout the study. Atherosclerosis development was evaluated in the aorta and at the aortic sinus. Blood and lymphoid organs were further characterized with thorough cytological/histological and immunocytofluorimetric analyses.Key Results: Fenretinide treatment significantly lowered body weight, glucose levels and plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids. In the liver, fenretinide remarkably reduced hepatic glycogenosis and steatosis driven by the Western diet. Treated spleens were abnormally enlarged, with severe follicular atrophy and massive extramedullary haematopoiesis. Severe renal hemosiderin deposition was observed in treated EKO mice. Treatment resulted in a threefold increase of total leukocytes (WT and EKO) and raised the activated/resting monocyte ratio in EKO mice. Finally, atherosclerosis development was markedly increased at the aortic arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta of fenretinide-treated mice. Conclusions and Implications:We provide the first evidence that, despite beneficial metabolic effects, fenretinide treatment may enhance the development of atherosclerosis.

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“…It has been estimated that about 90–95% of dietary fats are absorbed in the small intestine, which may explain why fats dramatically impact the gut microbiota composition . High‐fat diets are indeed associated with low SCFAs and low Bifidobacterium concentrations . Mice fed a palm oil‐based diet show an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes , an elevation in Clostridium species , and a reduction of overall microbiota diversity .…”

Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease

2020

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The intestinal milieu harbours the gut microbiota, consisting of a complex community of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and protozoans that bring to the host organism an endowment of cells and genes more numerous than its own. In the last 10 years, mounting evidence has highlighted the prominent influence of the gut mutualistic bacterial communities on human health. Microbial colonization occurs alongside with immune system development and plays a role in intestinal physiology. The community of the gut microbiota does not undergo significant fluctuations throughout adult life. However, bacterial infections, antibiotic treatment, lifestyle, surgery and diet might profoundly affect it. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, defined as marked alterations in the amount and function of the intestinal microorganisms, is correlated with the aetiology of chronic noncommunicable diseases, ranging from cardiovascular, neurologic, respiratory and metabolic illnesses to cancer. In this review, we focus on the interplay among gut microbiota, diet and host to provide a perspective on the role of microbiota and their unique metabolites in the pathogenesis and/or progression of various human disorders. We discuss interventions based on microbiome studies, that is faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics and prebiotics, to introduce the concept that correcting gut dysbiosis can ameliorate disease symptoms, thus offering a new approach towards disease treatment.

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Effect of Dietary Components from Antarctic Krill on Atherosclerosis in apoE‐Deficient Mice

Abstract: Krill oil containing diets were able to reduce cholesterol levels, inhibit plaque development and prevent liver damage. Krill proteins also reduced atherosclerosis development through mechanisms not involving lipid metabolism.

Cited by 42 publications

References 51 publications

The Gut Microbiota Affects Host Pathophysiology as an Endocrine Organ: A Focus on Cardiovascular Disease

The Gut Microbiota Affects Host Pathophysiology as an Endocrine Organ: A Focus on Cardiovascular Disease

Fenretinide treatment accelerates atherosclerosis development in apoE‐deficient mice in spite of beneficial metabolic effects

The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease

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