The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease

Illiano, Placido; Brambilla, Roberta; Parolini, Cinzia

doi:10.1111/febs.15217

Cited by 188 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 235 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

111

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite this, ubiquitous colonization of apical barrier tissues by archaea, bacteria, fungi and viruses (collectively, the microbiota) is increasingly recognized as contributing vital aspects of normal host physiology. 1 Such effects of the microbiota on host physiology are largely mediated through microbiota-derived factors rather than the microbiota per se. Host immune education (T-and B-cell repertoires) and surveillance occurs through the detection of microbial antigens or microbial-associated recognition patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Commensal microbiota-dependent tryptophan catabolism within the gastrointestinal tract is known to exert profound effects upon host physiology, including the maintenance of epithelial barrier and immune function. A number of abundant microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites exhibit activation potential for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Gene expression facilitated by AHR activation through the presence of dietary or microbiota-generated metabolites can influence gastrointestinal homeostasis and confer protection from intestinal challenges. Utilizing untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling, combined with AHR activity screening assays, we identify four previously unrecognized tryptophan metabolites, present in mouse cecal contents and human stool, with the capacity to activate AHR. Using GC/MS and LC/MS platforms, quantification of these novel AHR activators, along with previously established AHR-activating tryptophan metabolites, was achieved, providing a relative order of abundance. Using physiologically relevant concentrations and quantitative gene expression analyses, the relative efficacy of these tryptophan metabolites with regard to mouse or human AHR activation potential is examined. These data reveal indole, 2-oxindole, indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenic acid as the dominant AHR activators in mouse cecal contents and human stool from participants on a controlled diet. Here we provide the first documentation of the relative abundance and AHR activation potential of a panel of microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. Furthermore, these data reveal the human AHR to be more sensitive, at physiologically relevant concentrations, to tryptophan metabolite activation than mouse AHR. Additionally, correlation analyses indicate a relationship linking major tryptophan metabolite abundance with AHR activity, suggesting these cecal/fecal metabolites represent biomarkers of intestinal AHR activity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inflammation appears to be the common denominator among the seemingly unrelated biological negative effects of fats on the gut microbiome, involving the immune system and n-3 PUFAs. It is currently accepted that inflammation plays a key role in the progression of several chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative syndromes [81]. Moreover, as described above, several evidence supports the role of n-3 PUFAs on the microbiota and on the regulation of inflammation and the immune system [82].…”

Section: Macronutrients and Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 89%

Natural Compounds in the Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota: Implications in Human Physiology and Pathology

Spisni¹,

Turroni²,

Shahaj³

et al. 2021

Alternative Medicine - Update

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clinical interest in the human gut microbiota has increased considerably, because of the increasing number of studies linking the human intestinal microbiota and microbiome to an ever increasing number of non-communicable diseases. Many attempts at modulating the gut microbiota have been made using probiotics and prebiotics. However, there are other avenues that are still little explored from a clinical point of view that appear promising to obtain modifications of the microbial ecology and biological activities connected to the microbiome. This chapter summarizes all in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies demonstrating the possibility to positively modulate the intestinal microbiota by using probiotics, foods (and prebiotics), essential oils, fungus and officinal plants. For the future, clinical studies investigating the ability to modify the intestinal microbiota especially by using foods, officinal and aromatic plants or their extracts are required. More knowledge in this field is likely to be of clinical benefit since modulation of the microbiome might support the therapy of most non-communicable diseases in the future.

show abstract

“…Ample evidence demonstrate that changes in intestinal microbiota composition are associated with several pathological alterations 70 . Recently, functional dyspepsia (FD), a pathologic alteration of the upper gastrointestinal tract, has been associated with changes in the microbiota composition of the affected patients 67 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duodenal microbiome in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Intestinal microbiota are recognized as an organ with important physiological functions whose alterations have been associated with common diseases including inflammatory intestinal conditions, malnutrition, type‐2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The composition and function of the microbiota in the distal part of the intestine has been mainly described, while there is limited information on the small intestine microbiota. The objective of the present study was to describe the duodenal microbiome in individuals with dyspepsia in the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection. Materials and Methods Thirty‐eight biopsies from the proximal duodenum of uninfected and 37 from H pylori‐infected individuals were analyzed. Microbiota composition was assessed by PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes; sequences were analyzed with QIIME2. Results and Conclusions At the phyla level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were predominant in the mucosal associated duodenal microbiota (MAM); at the genera level, we observed the predominance of Ralstonia, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, Herbaspirillum, Neisseria, and Veillonella. Microbiota α‐diversity was higher in H pylori‐infected individuals than in non‐infected ones. In terms of β‐diversity metrics, there was a statistically significant difference between groups. Also, relative abundance of Haemophilus, Neisseria, Prevotella pallens, Prevotella 7, and Streptococcus was greater in H pylori‐infected patients. In infected patients, several types of H pylori were present in duodenal MAM. Finally, the majority of duodenal samples had fungi sequences; the most common taxa observed were Recurvomyces followed by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.

show abstract

The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease

Cited by 188 publications

References 235 publications

Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity

Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity

Natural Compounds in the Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota: Implications in Human Physiology and Pathology

Duodenal microbiome in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About