Effect of Dietary Calcium and Zinc Levels on Weight Gain and Blood and Tissue Mineral Concentrations of Growing Columbia- and Suffolk-Sired Lambs

Wg, Pond

doi:10.2527/jas1983.564952x

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Findings regarding the consequences of increasing dietary calcium on the zinc availability in lambs are controversial. At low calcium levels, an influence of calcium on zinc availability was not found (5 to 8 g Ca/kg; Pond, 1983), while at even lower calcium levels serum zinc concentration was depressed with increasing calcium (2.5 to 5 g Ca/kg; Perry et al, 1968).…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 97%

Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

Högstrand¹

2014

EFS2

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A critical review of (i) the zinc requirements of food-producing and pet animals, (ii) the zinc concentration of feed materials and (iii) the calculated background zinc concentration of complete feed supports the possibility of a considerable reduction of the currently authorised maximum concentration for total zinc in feed. The FEEDAP Panel developed, based on an approximation using zinc requirements and background data, potential new maximum contents, which could replace the current ones. The newly proposed total maximum contents are: 150 mg Zn/kg complete feed for piglets, sows, rabbits, salmonids, cats and dogs; 120 mg Zn/kg complete feed for turkeys for fattening; 100 mg Zn/kg complete feed for all other species and categories. The use of phytase in feeding piglets, pigs for fattening and sows would allow a further reduction of the newly proposed total maximum contents by 30 % (from 150 to 110 mg Zn/kg feed for piglets and sows and from 100 to 70 mg Zn/kg feed for pigs for fattening). The newly proposed total maximum contents ensure health, welfare and productivity of the target species and do not affect consumer safety. The FEEDAP Panel expects that the introduction of the newly proposed total maximum contents, provided they are applied in feeding practices, would result in an overall reduction of zinc emissions from animal production of about 20 %. Zinc in Feed, including Noël A. Dierick, Jürgen Gropp, Catherine Jondreville, Marta Lopez Alonso, Anne Katrine Lundebye, Wolfgang Maret and Patrick Schlegel for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion. The Panel also wishes to thank the Authorities of EU Member States and EEA/EFTA countries, and stakeholders who provided information following a call for data on zinc in animal nutrition launched by EFSA. 4 An editorial amendment was carried out on section 6.3 that does not materially affect the contents nor outcome of this Scientific Opinion. To avoid confusion, the original version has been removed from the EFSA Journal, but is available on request, as is a version showing all the changes made. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed (250 mg Zn/kg for pet animals, 200 mg Zn/kg for fish and milk replacer and 150 mg Zn/kg for other animal species).To improve the available information on the use of zinc in animal nutrition, EFSA launched a call for data to EU Member States and EEA/EFTA countries and to stakeholders. The data submitted were used in the current Scientific Opinion.Zinc in the form of its divalent metal ion, Zn 2+ , is nutritionally essential for all living organisms. The total amount of zinc in the human body is 2−3 g and its concentrations in tissues are about the same in all mammals. Virtually all its functions are in proteins, in which it is a catalytic, structural, or regulatory cofactor.A critical revi...

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Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 97%

Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

Högstrand¹

2014

EFS2

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“…The average daily gains for lambs during rearing period were similar -about 250 g/day. According to available literature it could be stated that the zinc level in the rations had no influence on the live body mass gain or feed consumption (Pond 1983). The zinc deprivation or inadequate balance only could lead to loss of appetite and decrease of body mass gain which are result of insufficient zinc amounts for normal growth and development (Suttle 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bioavailability of different chemical forms of zinc in fattening lambs

Kinal

Słupczyńska

2011

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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The aim of the presented study was an estimation of the zinc bioavailability derived from amino acid complexes with methionine, lysine and glycine in growing lambs. 48 lambs, Polish Merino × Romanowski × Charolaise crossbreed, at age about 10 weeks and average body weight of 20 kg were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups. Animals were kept collectively and fed with concentrate and hay in amount: 0.7-1.2 and 0.3-0.5 kg/day/head, respectively. After rearing period 6 rams from each group with average body weight of about 30 kg were divided into digestibility-balance experiments. At the end of the experiment the blood samples were taken, then from each group 8 lambs were chosen, killed and during dissection tissue samples were taken (liver, pancreas, kidney and rib bone). In tissue samples as well as in fodders and excrements the content of zinc was determined. Obtained data in digestibility experiments allowed on calculation of apparent absorption and retention of zinc and the level of Zn determined in tissues' samples were used to the estimation of bioavailability of zinc from different ones applied in experiment sources.Apparent absorption and retention of zinc were higher (P≤0.01) in lambs receiving in mixtures amino acid complexes of zinc than in animals from the control group. The higher content of zinc in soft and hard tissues of lambs which received organic forms of zinc might indicate better assimilation and bioavailability of zinc from these forms than from oxide. Among tested organic forms of zinc, the zinc-lysine complex was characterized as having the most advantageous property. Tierzucht 54 (2011) 4, 391-398, ISSN 0003-9438 © Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany Kinal and Slupczynska: The bioavailability of different chemical forms of zinc in fattening lambs 392 Ende

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“…() showed that a diet containing 18 mg Zn/kg diet dry matter (DM) did not support maximal live weight gains in lambs fed a purified diet. Pond () concluded that a Zn level of 19–26 mg/kg DM would be adequate for the growth of lambs. The recommended minimum requirements are 20 mg Zn/kg DM for growth and 33 mg Zn/kg DM for the maintenance of normal reproductive functions in female lambs (NRC, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose–responses of zinc–methionine supplements on growth, blood metabolites and gastrointestinal development in sheep

Jafarpour

Khorvash

Rahmani

et al. 2015

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The effects of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplementation on growth, blood metabolites and gastrointestinal development were investigated in two experiments with sheep. The objective of Experiment 1 was to determine the effects of Zn-Met supplementation on hormones and metabolites involved in growth and energy balance regulation, while Experiment 2 aimed to determine the effects of Zn-Met on feed intake, body weight, gastrointestinal development and liver glycogen concentration in lamb. The animals were assigned to groups with different concentrations of dietary Zn-Met (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g/day) in both experiments. In Experiment 1, feeding different doses of Zn-Met increased plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentration, but it linearly decreased plasma growth hormone (GH). No differences were observed in blood cortisol, insulin and glucose concentrations among the treatments. In Experiment 2, addition of Zn-Met to the diets did not lead to changes in the body weights of the lambs. Both average daily gain and dry matter intake (DMI) increased linearly with increasing concentrations of dietary Zn-Met. Lambs receiving Zn-Met showed higher liver glycogen concentrations than the control. While significant increases were observed in the villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum as a result of Zn-Met supplementation, no change was detected in blood glucose concentrations (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that dietary Zn-Met may improve growth, energy balance and gastrointestinal development in sheep.

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Effect of Dietary Calcium and Zinc Levels on Weight Gain and Blood and Tissue Mineral Concentrations of Growing Columbia- and Suffolk-Sired Lambs

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

The bioavailability of different chemical forms of zinc in fattening lambs

Dose–responses of zinc–methionine supplements on growth, blood metabolites and gastrointestinal development in sheep

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