Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

Högstrand, Christer

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3668

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 270 publications

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“…This is supported by studies on zinc deposition in eggs (Mabe et al, 2003;Huyghebaert et al, 2006;Plaimast et al, 2008;Bahakaim et al, 2014) and milk (Kirchgessner et al, 1994;Pechova et al, 2006Pechova et al, , 2009 carried out on animals fed diets supplemented with sources of amino acid chelated with this trace element. This statement is consistent with previous reviews and meta-analyses of data from poultry, pigs and ruminants, which concluded that organic and inorganic sources of zinc, in general, are equivalent (Ammerman et al, 1998;Jongbloed et al, 2002;Schlegel et al, 2013;EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2014). This statement is consistent with previous reviews and meta-analyses of data from poultry, pigs and ruminants, which concluded that organic and inorganic sources of zinc, in general, are equivalent (Ammerman et al, 1998;Jongbloed et al, 2002;Schlegel et al, 2013;EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2014).…”

Section: Metabolic and Residue Studiessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The FEEDAP Panel has already considered the potential risks to the environment posed by the use of zinc in feedingstuffs up to the maximum authorised contents in the EU (EFSA, 2012b(EFSA, , 2012c(EFSA, , 2012dEFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2013c, 2014, 2015. The additive under assessment, zinc chelate of Llysinate-HCl, is intended to be a substitute for other authorised zinc additives.…”

Section: Safety For the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The newly proposed maximum contents are: 150 mg Zn/kg complete feed for piglets, sows, rabbits, salmonids, cats and dogs; 120 mg Zn/kg complete feed for turkeys for fattening; 100 mg Zn/kg complete feed for all other species and categories (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2014). The newly proposed maximum contents are: 150 mg Zn/kg complete feed for piglets, sows, rabbits, salmonids, cats and dogs; 120 mg Zn/kg complete feed for turkeys for fattening; 100 mg Zn/kg complete feed for all other species and categories (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The roles of zinc, its deficiency and toxicity symptoms in farm animals have been described in previous opinions of the Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition (EC, 2003a) and the European Food Safety Authority Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2014, 2015. It is an integral component of an estimated 10 % of all proteins, in which it contributes to tertiary structure or catalytic activity covering all enzyme classes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of zinc chelate of L‐lysinate‐HCl as feed additive for all animal species

Högstrand¹

2015

EFS2

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Zinc chelate of L-lysinate-HCl for all animal species, provided as powder and granulate, is intended for use as zinc compound in animal nutrition. Tolerance studies with calves and weaned piglets allowed the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) to conclude that zinc chelate of L-lysinate-HCl is a safe source of zinc for all animal species, provided that the maximum zinc contents authorised in complete feed are respected. The supplementation of feeds with zinc from zinc chelate of L-lysinate-HCl up to the maximum authorised zinc levels is not expected to result in a different zinc deposition in edible tissues/products than the standard inorganic source zinc sulphate heptahydrate. No concerns for consumer safety will arise from the use of the additive in animal nutrition. Zinc chelate of L-lysinate-HCl in the powder form poses a risk to users by inhalation, whilst for the granulate form that risk is minimised. Neither form, powder or granulate, is a dermal irritant; however, both forms are irritant to the eye. In the absence of specific information, the additive should be regarded as a potential skin sensitiser. Zinc chelate of L-lysinate-HCl is intended to be a substitute for other authorised zinc additives. It will therefore not further increase the environmental burden of zinc. Based on a study on weaned piglets, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that zinc chelate of L-lysinate-HCl is efficacious as a source of zinc in meeting the requirements of all animal species. The Panel made some recommendations regarding the Description and Conditions of use of the additive.

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Section: Metabolic and Residue Studiessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Safety For the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of zinc chelate of L‐lysinate‐HCl as feed additive for all animal species

Högstrand¹

2015

EFS2

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“…The use of zinc as a FA at currently authorised levels in marine aquaculture was predicted not to be an appreciable risk to the environment. Due to the concerns rose in the report (Monteiro et al, 2010), EFSA published an Opinion in which it proposed reducing maximum authorised levels of zinc in animal feeds (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2014). It was estimated that introducing newly proposed total maximum contents, provided they are applied in feeding practices, would result in an overall reduction in zinc emissions from animal production of about 20%.…”

Section: B33 Exposure and Effect Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery in environmental risk assessments at EFSA

Brock¹

2016

EFS2

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EFSA performs environmental risk assessments (ERAs) for single potential stressors such as plant protection products, genetically modified organisms and feed additives and for invasive alien species that are harmful for plant health. In this risk assessment domain, the EFSA Scientific Committee recognises the importance of more integrated ERAs considering both the local and landscape scales, as well as the possible co‐occurrence of multiple potential stressors that fall under the remit of EFSA, which are important when addressing ecological recovery. In this scientific opinion, the Scientific Committee gathered scientific knowledge on the potential for the recovery of non‐target organisms for the further development of ERA. Current EFSA guidance documents and opinions were reviewed on how ecological recovery is addressed in ERA schemes. In addition, this scientific opinion is based on expert knowledge and data retrieved from the literature. Finally, the information presented in this opinion was reviewed by experts from the relevant EFSA Panels, European risk assessment bodies and through an open consultation requesting input from stakeholders. A conceptual framework was developed to address ecological recovery for any assessed products, and invasive alien species that are harmful for plant health. This framework proposes an integrative approach based on well‐defined specific protection goals, scientific knowledge derived by means of experimentation, modelling and monitoring, and the selection of focal taxa, communities, processes and landscapes to develop environmental scenarios to allow the assessment of recovery of organisms and ecological processes at relevant spatial and temporal scales.

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Preliminary Data on Essential and Non-essential Element Occurrence in Processed Animal Proteins from Insects

Pederiva

Avolio

Marchis

et al. 2022

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

Cited by 43 publications

References 270 publications

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of zinc chelate of L‐lysinate‐HCl as feed additive for all animal species

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of zinc chelate of L‐lysinate‐HCl as feed additive for all animal species

Recovery in environmental risk assessments at EFSA

Preliminary Data on Essential and Non-essential Element Occurrence in Processed Animal Proteins from Insects

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