Effect of diet, sex and age on fatty acid metabolism in broiler chickens:n-3 andn-6 PUFA

Abstract

The PUFA metabolism in broiler chicken was studied through the whole body fatty acid balance method. Four dietary lipid sources (palm fat, Palm; soyabean oil, Soya; linseed oil, Lin; fish oil, Fish) were added at 3 % to a basal diet containing 5 % palm fat. Diets were fed to female and male birds from day 1 to either day 21 or day 42 of age. Birds fed the Lin diet showed a significantly higher 18 : 2n-6 accumulation compared with the other diets (85·2 v. 73·6 % of net intake), whereas diet did not affect 18 : 3n-3 accumulation (mean 63 % of net intake). Bioconversion of 18 : 2n-6 significantly decreased in the order Palm . Lin . Soya . Fish (4·7, 3·9, 3·4 and 1 % of net intake, respectively). The 18 : 3n-3 bioconversion on the Palm and Soya diets was similar and significantly higher than in broilers on the Lin diet (9·1 v. 5·8 % of net intake). The b-oxidation of 18 : 2n-6 was significantly lower on the Lin diet than on the other diets (10·8 v. 23·3 % of net intake), whereas b-oxidation of 18 : 3n-3 was significantly higher on the Fish diet than on the other diets (41·5 v. 27·3 % of net intake). Feeding fish oil suppressed apparent elongase and desaturase activity, whereas a higher dietary supply of 18 : 3n-3 and 18 : 2n-6 enhanced apparent elongation and desaturation activity on the PUFA involved in the n-3 and n-6 pathway, respectively. Accumulation of 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3 increased and b-oxidation decreased with age. Sex had a marginal effect on the PUFA metabolism.

Levels of fatty acids in the whole body of hens and cocks of the Cobb 500 and Ross 308 hybrid combinations at the end of the fattening period

“…Information about the levels of fatty acids in the whole body of broiler chickens at the time of slaughter with regard to sex and the currently used modern hybrids is largely missing. For example (Poureslami et al 2010a) reported that sex has only a marginal effect on n-3 and n-6 PUFA metabolism and no effect on metabolism of SaFA and MUFA (Poureslami et al 2010b). In marked contrast to these earlier data, the results of our trial document the existence of effects of sex on FA levels.…”

Adjacent SNPs in the transcriptional regulatory region of the FADS2 gene associated with fatty acid and growth traits in chickens

“…LA (C18:2) and ALA (C18:3) cannot be biosynthesized de novo, and are instead derived from the diet, and subsequently cannot be bioconverted to longer and more unsaturated LC-PUFAs. Further-more, arachidonic acid (C20:4) was found to be the major metabolite of dietary LA (C18:2) (Poureslami et al, 2010). Merino et al (2011) reported that genetic variation in the FADS gene cluster could alter desaturase activity in human subjects of Caucasian and Asian descent.…”

Effects of Olive Leaf and Marigold Extracts on the Utilization of Nutrients and on Bone Mineralization using Two Different Oil Sources in Broilers

“…Our results are not completely consistent with those of Dänicke et al (1997), who showed that broilers fed a soya oil-supplemented diet exhibited higher ATTD of organic matter, crude fat, protein, and AMEN, and had higher ATTD of C18: 2 n-6 and C18: 3 n-3. Similarly, Poureslami et al (2010) showed that broilers fed linseed oil (high C18:3 n-3) had higher apparent digestibility of C18:2 n-6 and C18: 3 n-3 acid than broilers fed palm oil. Conversely, Crespo and Esteve-Garcia (2002) showed that there were no differences between sunflower oil (mainly C18:2 n-6) and linseed oil (mainly C18:3 n-3) in the digestibility of fat and nitrogen.…”