Effect of Diet on Adhesion and Invasion of Microflora in the Intestinal Mucosa of Chicks

Untawale, G. G.; Pietraszek, A; McGinnis, James

doi:10.3181/00379727-159-40331

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…It is likely that the gram-negative bacteria were coliform organisms. E. coli was identified in high concentration in cultures of jejunal fluid from PHA-or red kidney beantreated animals in previous studies (4,20,39,40). Moreover, cultures of washed, homogenized tissue in our laboratory have grown an aerobic gram-positive enterococcus in significantly higher concentration from PHA-exposed tissue (J. G. Banwell and R. Howard, unpublished observations), which may account for the other bacterial form identified in these studies.…”

Section: Fig 3 Tem Of the Microvillous Surface Of The Jejunum Of A supporting

confidence: 54%

“…Malabsorption of fat, nitrogen, and [57Co]cobalamin observed in conventional rats fed PHA or crude red kidney bean extract was also improved with concurrent antibiotic administration (4). Other studies of the toxicity of rat green beans (fed to swine) and red kidney beans (fed to rats) showed that a proliferation of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, occurred in the small intestines of the lectin-fed animals (4,20,39,40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several plant legumes contain soluble lectins which have been shown to cause weight loss and growth failure when fed to rats, mice, and chickens (3,4,14,19,20,39,40). This nutritional "toxicity" is a consequence of the lectin content of the beans (4,40).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intestinal microbial flora after feeding phytohemagglutinin lectins (Phaseolus vulgaris) to rats

Banwell¹,

Howard²,

Cooper³

et al. 1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Incorporation of purified phytohemagglutinin (PHA) lectins derived from red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the diet of weanling rats will cause growth failure, malabsorption of nutrients, and bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. These effects are not caused by feeding a similar quantity of PHA to germfree rats. To define the morphological and bacterial changes on the mucosal surfaces of the jejunum, ileum, and cecum in greater detail, we pair fed two groups of weanling rats isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets with or without 0.5% PHA protein. On the jejunal surfaces of control rats, the mucous layer was a confluent covering with sparsely scattered bacteria and protozoa. In PHA-treated rats, the mucous layer was thin and discontinuous, and the microvilious surface of the tissue was extensively populated by bacterial cells of two distinct morphotypes-a gram-negative rod and a gram-positive coccobacillus. In all PHA-treated animals, these bacteria formed adherent monospecific or mixed adherent microcolonies on the tissue surface. Tissue damage was observed in PHA-exposed jejunal tissue as evidenced by vesiculation of the microvillous plasma membrane and by damage to the brush border membrane. On the ileal surfaces of control rats, there was a thick mucous layer within which small numbers of bacteria and protozoa were seen. Segmented filamentous bacteria were anchored in the tissue surface. In PHA-treated rats, the ileal surface was only incompletely covered by a mucous layer, and the overlying mucosal surface was extensively covered by large numbers of protozoan cells (predominantly Hexamita muris). Most of the ileal surfaces not covered by the mucous layer were occupied and virtually occluded by an overgrowth of these protozoan cells with occasional cells of Giardia muris and the tissue-associated segmented bacillus. In the ceca of control rats, the mucosa was incompletely covered by a discontinuous mucous layer and colonized by an unnamed Spirillum sp., other bacteria, and occasional protozoa. The cecal surfaces of PHA-treated rats retained most of their incomplete overlying mucous layer, which was heavily colonized by the same type of Spirillum sp. seen in untreated animals; intestinal crypts were colonized. These descriptive morphological studies demonstrate that exposure to purified PHA in the diet caused characteristic changes in the microbial ecology of the small intestine. The changes in microbial flora contributed to the malabsorption of nutrients in the small intestines of PHA-fed animals.

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Section: Fig 3 Tem Of the Microvillous Surface Of The Jejunum Of A supporting

confidence: 54%

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confidence: 99%

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Intestinal microbial flora after feeding phytohemagglutinin lectins (Phaseolus vulgaris) to rats

Banwell¹,

Howard²,

Cooper³

et al. 1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The samples were transferred to storage at )80°C until the analysis of brush-border enzymes. In addition, approximately 5 cm of the proximal ends of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was ligated and prepared according to the method described by Untawale et al (1978) with modifications, for the determination of selected groups of mucosa-associated bacteria. Briefly, the section from the small intestine was slit open with a pair of sterile scissors, and the digesta was completely washed off with sterile PBS (pH 7.4).…”

Section: Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal‐based diets

Yang

Iji

Kocher³

et al. 2008

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given a corn or a wheat-based diet over a 21-day experimental period. Dietary MOS improved the growth performance of birds given the wheat-based diet compared to that of birds given the corn-based diet during 7-21 days of age. In line with this, the ileal digestibility of starch was increased by MOS at 21 days of age. The addition of MOS modulated the development of gut microflora. From day 7 to day 21, the numbers of mucosa-associated coliforms along the small intestine were decreased; whereas the numbers of mucosa-associated lactobacilli were increased by MOS, regardless of the cereal type in the diets. Dietary MOS also reduced the counts of coliforms and Clostridium perfringens in the caeca of birds by 21 days of age. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected by MOS but the crypt depth and the muscularis thickness were reduced. The specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase were increased in birds given the MOS-supplemented diet; whereas the development of leucine aminopeptidase was delayed by MOS. All these changes in the mucosal morphology and function were dependent on the type of cereal and/or the age of the birds.

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“…Another section, of about 2 cm, was taken from the proximal part of the jejunum, rinsed with PBS to remove the digesta, wrapped in aluminium foil before snap-freezing in liquid nitrogen, and then transferred into a -80°C freezer until analysis of BBM enzymes. In addition, approximately 5 cm of the proximal end of the jejunum was ligated and prepared according to the method described by Untawale et al (1978), with modifications for the determination of selected mucosaassociated bacteria groups. The intestinal contents of the ileum and caeca were collected and fresh digesta samples were taken for bacterial analyses.…”

Section: Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Xylanase on Growth and Gut Development of Broiler Chickens Given a Wheat-based Diet

Yang¹,

Iji²,

Kocher³

et al. 2008

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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To study the working mechanisms for non-starch polysaccharidases to improve the growth performance of broiler chickens, a 21-day feeding trial was conducted. Two dietary treatments were included: 1) wheat diet (the control); 2) wheat+xylanase diet (xylanase, Allzyme PT, Alltech, Kentucky, USA). There were 8 replicates with 8 birds each for each treatment and the experimental diets were given to birds from hatch. Feed intake and body weight were measured on days 7 and 21. At the same ages, samples were taken for the determination of selected groups of luminal and mucosa-associated bacteria, mucosal morphology, brush-border membrane (BBM) bound enzyme activity and ileal nutrient digestibility. The xylanase supplement increased (p<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) at the end of the experiment but protein and starch digestibilities were not affected (p>0.05) by xylanase. Up to day 7, xylanase increased the counts of C. perfringens in the ileum and total anaerobic bacteria (TAB) in the caeca (p<0.05, p=0.07, respectively). By day 21, the counts of ileal lactobacilli (p<0.05) and TAB (p=0.07) were lower in birds given the xylanase-supplemented diet than in those on the control diet. No significant differences were observed in the counts of mucosaassociated lactobacilli and coliforms between xylanase treatment and the control at both ages. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected (p>0.05) by the supplement but crypt depth at the same site was reduced at day 7. Also, xylanase tended to increase the concentration of BBM protein (p = 0.09) and the specific activity of sucrase (p = 0.07) at day 21.

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Effect of Diet on Adhesion and Invasion of Microflora in the Intestinal Mucosa of Chicks

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Intestinal microbial flora after feeding phytohemagglutinin lectins (Phaseolus vulgaris) to rats

Intestinal microbial flora after feeding phytohemagglutinin lectins (Phaseolus vulgaris) to rats

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal‐based diets

Effects of Xylanase on Growth and Gut Development of Broiler Chickens Given a Wheat-based Diet

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