Effect of diet and lifestyle on bone mass in Asian young women

Hirota, Takako; Nara, Masako; Ohguri, Miho; Manago, Emi; Hirota, Kenji

doi:10.1093/ajcn/55.6.1168

Cited by 107 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is probably because in addition to a change of physique, there is also a change in the female hormonal state after menopause. In other words, a combination of factors influenced bone condition, including menopausal hormonal changes, hormonal secretion, eating habits, and/or lifestyle (15,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between forearm bone mineral density and body composition in Japanese females aged 18–40 years

Arimatsu

Kitano

et al. 2005

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between forearm bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI), and body composition focusing on body fat percentage (BF%) in Japanese females 18 to 40 years old.Methods: Subjects were 2,280 females 18-40 years old. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and a medical history was obtained by questionnaire, including age at the time of the study and age at menarche. BF% was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Forearm BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The correlations of BMD with BMI and BF% were analyzed using a structural equation model.Results: The standardized regression coefficients for the path from BMI to BMD and the path from BF% to BMD were 0.538 and −0.184 respectively. The squared multiple correlation of BMD was 0.146. In addition, the standardized regression coefficient for the path from BMI to BF% was 0.896.Conclusion: The results showed a positive correlation between BMD and BMI and an inverse correlation between BMD and BF%. At the same time, it was noted that BF% increased with BMI. This indicated that BMD is dependant on BF% in subjects who have a similar BMI. Therefore, this study concluded that it is necessary to take body composition measurements into account when examining the relationship between BMI and BMD, especially in young females.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between forearm bone mineral density and body composition in Japanese females aged 18–40 years

Arimatsu

Kitano

et al. 2005

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Post-hoc testing indicated that smoking had a more adverse effect on bone mass for individuals over 60 years of age (−0. To determine whether menopausal status influenced the smoking/bone mass association, effects were compared for female samples that consisted entirely of either premenopausal women [3,4,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] or postmenopausal women [5,6,27,30,32,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Studies that combined pre-and post-menopausal participants in analyses were excluded, and one study that contained all perimenopausal women was included with postmenopausal samples.…”

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confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density

2001

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To determine the magnitude and mediators of the association between cigarette smoking and bone mass in the epidemiologic literature we reviewed articles, published abstracts, and conference proceedings, identified through MEDLINE, psychological abstracts, conference proceedings, and article bibliographies. We studied cross-sectional and prospective human studies that provided a quantitative measure of bone mass (X-ray, absorptiometry, or computed tomography) as a function of cigarette smoking exposure. Effects were expressed as pooled standardized mean differences for categorical comparisons (e.g., bone mass in current versus nonsmokers), and as pooled correlation coefficients for continuous comparisons (e.g., correlation of bone mass and pack-years of smoking). Effects were derived for combined bone sites (all bone sites pooled within each study) and four specific sites (hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and os calcis), and were examined overall and as a function of subject and methodologic characteristics (gender, age, body weight, menopausal status, health status). Data were pooled across 86 studies, enrolling 40,753 subjects. Smokers had significantly reduced bone mass compared with nonsmokers (never and former smokers) at all bone sites, averaging a one-tenth standard deviation (SD) deficit for combined sites. Deficits were especially pronounced at the hip, where the bone mass of current smokers was one-third of a SD less than that of never smokers. Overall, effects were greatest in men and in the elderly, and were dose-dependent. In prospective studies, smokers had greater rates of bone loss over time compared with nonsmokers. Bone mass differences remained significant after controlling for age and body weight differences between the two groups. Absolute effect sizes at most bone sites were greatest for current smokers compared with never smokers, intermediate for current smokers compared with former smokers, and lowest for former smokers compared with never smokers, suggesting that smoking cessation may have a positive influence on bone mass. Based on these data, it is estimated that smoking increases the lifetime risk of developing a vertebral fracture by 13% in women and 32% in men. At the hip, smoking is estimated to increase lifetime fracture risk by 31% in women and 40% in men. It appears that smoking has an independent, dose-dependent effect on bone loss, which increases fracture risk, and may be partially reversed by smoking cessation. Given the public health implications of smoking on bone health, it is important that this information be incorporated into smoking prevention and cessation efforts. KeywordsCigarette smoking; Bone mineral density; Osteoporosis; Body weight Correspondence to: Kenneth D. Ward. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptThere is a growing body of evidence that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis, but the nature and magnitude of this relationship remains uncertain. Numerous studies have documented inverse re...

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“…Yokouchi et al (2006) found a significantly higher bone mass level in young female college students who have continuously participated in regular physical activity, especially from high school to college, and Hirota et al (1992) found in a retrospective study of female college students that the bone mass level correlated with past physical activity. Furthermore, Fukuharu et al (2001) reported a positive link between current or past exercise habits in premenopausal women and found that positive effects of current exercise on bone mass indices were maintained after adjustment for past exercise habits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%