Effect of Diclofop and Linuron on Rye Grass (Lolium multiflorum), Control in Triticale (X Triticosecale), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Rye (Secale cereale)

Abstract

Annual rye grass {Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a serious and wide spread problem in cereal crops. A field experiment with a promising herbicide diclofop [(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid] at 0.56, 0.84 and 1.12 kg ai/ha, in comparison to commonly used linuron [N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-Nmethoxy-N-methylurea] at 0.84, 1.12 and 1.41 kg ai/ha was conducted to "control rye grass {Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), wheat {Triticum aestivum L.) and rye {Secale cereale L.). The herbicides were applied as soil-incorporated, preemergence and post-emergence. Results showed that diclofop is less phytotoxic than Linuron and the postemergence application of these herbicides was more phytotoxic on all cereal crops. Diclofop applied at 1.12 kg/ha, gave almost 100 percent rye grass control and produced 45 and 115 kg/ha higher grain yields in pre-and postemergence methods, respectively, as compared to the soil-incorporated method.

Various effects of the photosystem II – inhibiting herbicides on 5-n-alkylresorcinol accumulation in rye seedlings

“…The most visible effect of linuron on cereals was observed after its post-emergence application [26]. Therefore, in the light of the above, the conditions under which our experiments had been conducted chiefly diminished the linuron phytotoxicity.…”

“…The non-cyclic photophosphorylation inhibitors may initially result in leaf chlorosis (a photooxidation of chlorophyll) and then develop to necrotic spots (a leakage of cell contents caused by the damage of membrane lipids) in sensitive plants [26,27]. In addition, the phytotoxicity of PSII inhibitors is affected by many environmental factors, especially by light [19].…”