Effect of diclofenac on semen quality: A review

Abstract

Diclofenac is an effective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug and one of the most prescribed medicines worldwide. So far, there are many published articles that directly link between diclofenac and semen quality; however, hitherto, there is no collective review or comprehensive discussion that reveal such imperative link. Therefore, this work reviews and judges the association between diclofenac administration and semen quality, henceforth male infertility. As a tool to accomplish this scientific input, Scopus, Embase and PubMed databases have been searched for all original articles using the keywords “diclofenac” versus “semen” and “sperm” since August 1987 through November 2020. In summary, diclofenac appears to induce negative effects on both qualitative and quantitative measures of sperm; however, this conclusion requires confirmation by human studies. The detected negative effects of diclofenac on semen quality measures may be owed to reduced levels of gonadal hormones, decreased antioxidant defence mechanism, increased oxidative stress, altered concentrations of nitric oxide that are required to maintain normal sperm physiology and reduced synthesis of prostaglandins.

Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) and Male Reproductive Health: Challenging the Future with a Double-Edged Sword

“…Diclofenac, one of the most prescribed NSAIDs, is widely used to treat pain and inflammation, but it has been closely associated with adverse effects on avian fauna and raised environmental concerns [121,122]. In relation to other commonly used NSAIDs, diclofenac is reported to be about three to 1000 times more effective on a molar basis and in its ability to inhibit the activity of COX [104].…”

“…Diclofenac may thus induce its negative effects on both qualitative and quantitative measures of spermatozoa [122]. These consequent effects may be attributed to reduced levels of gonadal hormones, decreased antioxidant defense mechanisms, increased oxidative stress, altered concentrations of nitric oxide that are required to maintain normal sperm physiology, and reduced synthesis of PGs [122]. However, further investigation on these possible mechanisms and effects are required, especially for in-depth sperm functional characteristics related to fertilization success.…”

Philosophical anhistological assessment of diclofenac sodium on the heart of local rabbits

“…Diclofenac Ipolamine is available in the form of transdermal adhesive pieces (2). Diclofenac sodium (DS) is one of the most common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that was synthesized in 1973 and is an effective anti-inflammatory drug and one of the most prescribed drugs worldwide (3). It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is used in the treatment and control of acute and chronic pain associated with inflammatory conditions, especially those involving the musculoskeletal system such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, but it cannot prevent the chronic joint damage that appears with these diseases (4).…”

Philosophical an histological assessment of diclofenac sodium on the liver of local rabbits

“…Diclofenac Ipuramin is available in the form of transdermal adhesive pieces (2). Diclofenac sodium (DS) is one of the most common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that was synthesized in 1973 and is an effective anti-inflammatory drug and one of the most prescribed drugs worldwide (2,3). It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is used in the treatment and control of acute and chronic pain associated with inflammatory conditions, especially those involving the musculoskeletal system such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, but it cannot prevent the chronic joint damage that appears with these diseases (4).…”