Effect of diaphragm small-fiber afferent stimulation on ventilation in dogs

Revelette, W. R.; Jewell, LD; Frazier, Donald T.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2097

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies by Langford & Schmidt (1983) in rats have shown that some small‐diameter phrenic afferents enter the spinal cord through the ventral roots, rather than the dorsal roots. Revelette et al (1988) have reached a similar conclusion in dogs, and this therefore raises the possibility that ventral roots were one route of spinal cord entry for the response of the inspiratory intercostal muscles to the application of force on the central tendon. The afferent fibres entering the spinal cord through the ventral roots, however, are essentially unmyelinated (group IV) fibres, and in limb muscles, the receptors connected to such fibres are primarily activated by noxious stimuli and chemical agents, rather than by muscle contraction (Kaufman, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Reflex inhibition of canine inspiratory intercostals by diaphragmatic tension receptors

Troyer

Brunko

Leduc

et al. 1999

The Journal of Physiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Reflex inhibition of canine inspiratory intercostals by diaphragmatic tension receptors

Troyer

Brunko

Leduc

et al. 1999

The Journal of Physiology

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“…However, other studies report that the activation of small-fiber afferents in the diaphragm of anesthetized dogs induces a marked excitatory effect on phrenic motor neurons and brain stem respiratory neurons (Revelette et al, 1988; Speck and Revelette, 1987). These studies concluded that the phrenic nerve afferent populations are capable of producing at least two distinct effects: a net excitation of inspiratory activity at the pre-motor level and a strong inhibitory effect on motor output at the spinal level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The tracer combination of the anterogradely transported Fast Blue and the retrogradely transported Nuclear Yellow allowed the demonstration that some phrenic nerve afferents terminate at the C4 and C5 spinal cord in rats (Revelette et al, 1988). Other afferents project to the brain stem nuclei, including dorsal respiratory group neurons (DRG) and ventral respiratory group neurons (VRG) (Larnicol et al, 1985; Macron et al, 1985; Marlot and Duron, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and histopathological identification of the respiratory failure in a DMSXL transgenic mouse model of Myotonic Dystrophy

Panaite¹,

Küntzer²,

Gourdon

et al. 2012

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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SUMMARYAcute and chronic respiratory failure is one of the major and potentially life-threatening features in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Despite several clinical demonstrations showing respiratory problems in DM1 patients, the mechanisms are still not completely understood. This study was designed to investigate whether the DMSXL transgenic mouse model for DM1 exhibits respiratory disorders and, if so, to identify the pathological changes underlying these respiratory problems. Using pressure plethysmography, we assessed the breathing function in control mice and DMSXL mice generated after large expansions of the CTG repeat in successive generations of DM1 transgenic mice. Statistical analysis of breathing function measurements revealed a significant decrease in the most relevant respiratory parameters in DMSXL mice, indicating impaired respiratory function. Histological and morphometric analysis showed pathological changes in diaphragmatic muscle of DMSXL mice, characterized by an increase in the percentage of type I muscle fibers, the presence of central nuclei, partial denervation of end-plates (EPs) and a significant reduction in their size, shape complexity and density of acetylcholine receptors, all of which reflect a possible breakdown in communication between the diaphragmatic muscles fibers and the nerve terminals. Diaphragm muscle abnormalities were accompanied by an accumulation of mutant DMPK RNA foci in muscle fiber nuclei. Moreover, in DMSXL mice, the unmyelinated phrenic afferents are significantly lower. Also in these mice, significant neuronopathy was not detected in either cervical phrenic motor neurons or brainstem respiratory neurons. Because EPs are involved in the transmission of action potentials and the unmyelinated phrenic afferents exert a modulating influence on the respiratory drive, the pathological alterations affecting these structures might underlie the respiratory impairment detected in DMSXL mice. Understanding mechanisms of respiratory deficiency should guide pharmaceutical and clinical research towards better therapy for the respiratory deficits associated with DM1.

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“…The diaphragm has been reported to contain muscle spindles, tendon organs, A‐δ and non‐myelinated afferents (Corda et al 1965; Duron et al 1978; Revelette et al 1988; Bolser et al 1991; Holt et al 1991; Balkowiec et al 1995). Anatomical studies have shown that phrenic afferents enter the spinal cord by the cervical dorsal roots (Corda et al 1965; Malakhova & Davenport, 2001; Chou & Davenport, 2005) and project to the external cuneate nucleus (Marlot et al 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phrenic nerve afferent activation of neurons in the cat SI cerebral cortex

Davenport¹,

Reep²,

Thompson³

2010

The Journal of Physiology

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Stimulation of respiratory afferents elicits neural activity in the somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex in humans and animals. Respiratory afferents have been stimulated with mechanical loads applied to breathing and electrical stimulation of respiratory nerves and muscles. It was hypothesized that stimulation of the phrenic nerve myelinated afferents will activate neurons in the 3a and 3b region of the somatosensory cortex. This was investigated in cats with electrical stimulation of the intrathoracic phrenic nerve and C 5 root of the phrenic nerve. The somatosensory cortical response to phrenic afferent stimulation was recorded from the cortical surface, contralateral to the phrenic nerve, ispilateral to the phrenic nerve and with microelectrodes inserted into the cortical site of the surface dipole. Short-latency, primary cortical evoked potentials (1 • CEP) were recorded with stimulation of myelinated afferents of the intrathoracic phrenic nerve in the contralateral post-cruciate gyrus of all animals (n = 42). The mean onset and peak latencies were 8.5 ± 5.7 ms and 21.8 ± 9.8 ms, respectively. The rostro-caudal surface location of the 1• CEP was found between the rostral edge of the post-cruciate dimple (PCD) and the rostral edge of the ansate sulcus, medio-lateral location was between 2 mm lateral to the sagittal sulcus and the lateral end of the cruciate sulcus. Histological examination revealed that the 1• CEP sites were recorded over areas 3a and 3b of the SI somatosensory cortex. Intracortical activation of 16 neurons with two patterns of neural activity was recorded: (1) short-latency, short-duration activation of neurons and (2) long-latency, long-duration activation of neurons. Short-latency neurons had a mean onset latency of 10.4 ± 3.1 ms and mean burst duration of 10.1 ± 3.2 ms. The short-latency units were recorded at an average depth of 1.7 ± 0.5 mm below the cortical surface. The long-latency neurons had a mean onset latency of 36.0 ± 4.2 ms and mean burst duration of 32.2 ± 8.4 ms. The long-latency units were recorded at an average depth of 2.4 ± 0.2 mm below the cortical surface. The results of the study demonstrated that phrenic nerve afferents have a short-latency central projection to the SI somatosensory cortex. The phrenic afferents activated neurons in lamina III and IV of areas 3a and 3b. The cortical representation of phrenic nerve afferents is medial to the forelimb, lateral to the hindlimb, similar to thoracic loci, hence the phrenic afferent SI site in the cat homunculus is consistent with body position (thoracic region) rather than spinal segment (C 5 -C 7 ). The phrenic afferent activation of the somatosensory cortex is bilateral, with the ipsilateral cortical activation occurring subsequent to the contralateral. These results support the hypothesis that phrenic afferents provide somatosensory information to the cerebral cortex which can be used for diaphragmatic proprioception and somatosensation.

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Effect of diaphragm small-fiber afferent stimulation on ventilation in dogs

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Reflex inhibition of canine inspiratory intercostals by diaphragmatic tension receptors

Reflex inhibition of canine inspiratory intercostals by diaphragmatic tension receptors

Functional and histopathological identification of the respiratory failure in a DMSXL transgenic mouse model of Myotonic Dystrophy

Phrenic nerve afferent activation of neurons in the cat SI cerebral cortex

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