Effect of dexamethasone as osteogenic supplementation in in vitro osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

Abstract

In in vitro culture systems, dexamethasone (DEX) has been applied with ascorbic acid (ASC) and β-glycerophosphate (βGLY) as culture media supplementation to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, there are some inconsistencies regarding the role of DEX as osteogenic media supplementation. Therefore, this study verified the influence of DEX culture media supplementation on the osteogenic differentiation, especially the capacity to mineralize the extracellular matrix of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Five groups were established: G1—SHED + Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles’ Medium (DMEM) + fetal bovine serum (FBS); G2—SHED + DMEM + FBS + DEX; G3—SHED + DMEM + FBS + ASC + βGLY; G4—SHED + DMEM + FBS + ASC + βGLY + DEX; G5—MC3T3-E1 + α Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) + FBS + ASC + βGLY. DNA content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, free calcium quantification in the extracellular medium, and extracellular matrix mineralization quantification through staining with von Kossa, alizarin red, and tetracycline were performed on days 7 and 21. Osteogenic media supplemented with ASC and β-GLY demonstrated similar effects on SHED in the presence or absence of DEX for DNA content (day 21) and capacity to mineralize the extracellular matrix according to alizarin red and tetracycline quantifications (day 21). In addition, the presence of DEX in the osteogenic medium promoted less ALP activity (day 7) and extracellular matrix mineralization according to the von Kossa assay (day 21), and more free calcium quantification at extracellular medium (day 21). In summary, the presence of DEX in the osteogenic media supplementation did not interfere with SHED commitment into mineral matrix depositor cells. We suggest that DEX may be omitted from culture media supplementation for SHED osteogenic differentiation in vitro studies.

Medicated Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Hybrid Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration and Local Antimicrobial Therapy to Prevent Bone Infections

“…In order to confirm the cytotoxicity of the high concentration of the vancomycin (50 mg/mL) and gentamicin (25 mg/mL) used to medicate the scaffolds, a preliminary 2D in vitro study was carried out using the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line as a simplified model of an osteoblast-like cellular phenotype; it is widely selected for various cytotoxicity tests [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. The quantitative MTT assay was performed in order to evaluate cell viability and proliferation in the presence of the two free antibiotics.…”

Electrophoretic Deposition of Biocompatible and Bioactive Hydroxyapatite-Based Coatings on Titanium

“…The advantage of polymer application in reconstruction surgery, in the native or composite form, can be recognized in the possibility of producing structures with enhanced physical and mechanical properties, e.g., controlled degradation rates, porosity, enhanced biocompatibility etc. The wide field of biodegradable polymers’ applications includes dentistry [ 23 , 24 ], tissue engineering [ 25 , 26 ], drug delivery [ 27 , 28 ], orthopedic devices [ 29 , 30 ], artificial skin [ 31 , 32 ], and cardiovascular surgery [ 33 , 34 ]. The most used synthetic polymers in tissue reconstruction surgery are listed below: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)—PLGA in combination with the natural polymer chitosan, applied as a stent coating, can reduce platelet adhesion [ 35 ], while the combination of PLGA with HAP and the antibiotic atorvastatin can be applicable in bone tissue engineering as injectable PLGA micro-particulate system [ 36 ].…”

Bioengineered Nanoparticles Loaded-Hydrogels to Target TNF Alpha in Inflammatory Diseases

“…However, there is a percentage of patients that either fail to respond to the therapy or experience adverse effects from it [ 4 ]. Traditional drugs including non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids (GCs), disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological agents can relieve the pain and control inflammation [ 5 ]. However, current treatments are not fully effective and frequently involve high dosage or repeated administration in order to have a therapeutic effect, which can result in a decrease in overall efficacy and patient compliance and cause severe side effects [ 6 ].…”