Effect of Dermaseptin S4 on C. albicans Growth and EAP1 and HWP1 Gene Expression

Samot, Johan; Rouabhia, Mahmoud

doi:10.1007/s12602-020-09685-0

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…EAP1 generally encodes glycosylphosphatidylinositol cell wall protein, and mediates cell adhesion and biofilm formation. 20 In the present study, the level of EAP1 in negative control was recorded to be 25.6 times higher than AMP3 group. These results were consistent with those of biofilm experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from human BPIFA1 protein protects against Candida albicans infection

et al. 2022

Innate Immun

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Bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1) is an innate immunity defense protein. Our previous studies proved its antibacterial and antiviral effects, but its role in fungi remains unknown. The study aimed to identify antifungal peptides (AFP) derived from BPIFA1, and three antimicrobial peptides (AMP1–3) were designed. The antifungal effects were proved by growth inhibition assay. AMP3 activity was confirmed by germ tube growth experiment and XTT assay. Its effects on cell wall and membrane of Candida albicans were assessed by tannic acid and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, respectively. Additionally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for morphological and ultrastructural observation. The expression of ALS1, EAP1, and SUN41 was tested by qPCR. Ultimately, three AMPs could fight against C. albicans in vitro, and AMP3 was highly effective. It functioned by destroying the integrity of cell wall and normal structure of cell membrane. It also inhibited biofilm formation of C. albicans. In addition, AMP3 down-regulated the expression of ALS1, EAP1, and SUN41, those are known to be involved in virulence of C. albicans. Altogether, the study reported successful development of a novel AFP, which could be used as a new strategy for antifungal therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from human BPIFA1 protein protects against Candida albicans infection

et al. 2022

Innate Immun

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“…HWP1 encodes Hyphal wall protein 1 (Hwp1), a surface protein which has roles in cell wall assembly, development of hyphae, adhesion, and invasion of host cells. [ 32 ] Hwp1 enables C. albicans hyphae to covalently bond with host cells, promoting strong adhesion prior to invasion. [ 8 ] It is also critical to biofilm formation, and Hwp1‐null mutants are incapable of forming biofilm in vivo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiked Nanostructures Disrupt Fungal Biofilm and Impart Increased Sensitivity to Antifungal Treatment

Hayles

Bright

Wood

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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The superiority of titanium as a biomaterial is reflected in its corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and osseointegration capabilities. [1a] Although there is a high success rate associated with implanted devices, failure is not uncommon. One of the primary causes of implant failure is implantassociated infections (IAI). [2] In the field of orthopaedics, approximately 1-2% of joint replacement arthroplasties result in IAI. [3] The IAI rate is significantly higher in the periodontal field, with peri-implantitis seen in as many as 1 in 3 patients. [4] Infections involving fungal pathogens are emerging in both of these clinical fields, and Candida species are detected in as many as 90% of fungal IAI cases. [5] Candida albicans represents the most common fungal threat, but other notable species include Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata. [5d] In polymicrobial biofilms, C. albicans can protect Porphyromonas gingivalis from adverse conditions [6] and promote drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. [7] Its common occurrence in IAI can be attributed to the fact that C. albicans is found amongst the normal skin microbiota as a commensal microbe, and can occasionally translocate from the skin to the implanted device during surgery. [8] In a subset of the population, such as diabetics or those who have an otherwise compromised immune system, C. albicans can switch from its normal commensal state to an opportunistic pathogen. This is of particular concern because once a fungal infection becomes systemic, it is associated with a mortality rate of up to 50%. [9] In systemic candidiasis, the kidney is one of the primary organs to be affected, commonly leading to renal failure. [10] As a fungal pathogen, the virulence mechanisms of C. albicans differ from bacterial pathogens. One striking difference is the ability of pathogenic fungi to reversibly switch between two alternate phenotypes-an ovoid-shaped yeast phenotype and a filamentous hyphal phenotype, and this process is referred to as morphogenesis. [11] The yeast phenotype is associated with initial surface colonization, and later dissemination. The hyphal phenotype acts as structural support and promotes tissue invasion. [12] Invasion of host tissue allows C. albicans to enter the bloodstream and translocate around the body. Within the bloodstream, the presence of serum and the slightly alkaline pH provides ideal conditions for hyphal cell growth, which then allows the pathogen to invade There is a globally increasing demand for medically implanted devices, partly spurred by an aging population. In parallel, there is a proportionate increase in implant associated infection. Much focus has been directed toward the development of techniques to fabricate nanostructured antimicrobial biomaterials to mitigate infection. The present study investigates the interaction of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans with an antimicrobial surface bearing nanoscale protrusions. C. albicans cells were observed to be affected by cell ...

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“…Doramectin S4 is a type of antimicrobial peptide, which can potentially be used in antifungal therapy. The mechanism of DS4 as an antifungal agent is via signi cantly decreasing the expression of HWP1 gene as evidenced by the gene expression analyses 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lipid emulsion on the formation of Escherichia coli –Candida albicans mixed species biofilm on PVC

Duan

Lei

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Patients receiving lipid emulsion have an increased risk of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRSBI) in the clinic. More than 15% of CRBSI are found to be polymicrobial. The objective of the study was to explore the mechanism and effects of lipid emulsion on the formation of Escherichia coli-Candida albicans mixed species biofilm (BF) on the surface of polyvinylchloride (PVC) materials. Mixed BFs were achieved by co-culturing Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Candida albicans (Ca) with PVC in various concentrations of lipid emulsion respectively. Crystal violet (CV) staining and XTT assay were performed to test the formation of BFs and the viability of bacteria in BFs. The microstructures of BFs were observed by a combined approach of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study found that lipid emulsion promoted the formation of Escherichia coli-Candida albicans mixed biofilm, especially 10% lipid emulsion. The mechnism of lipid emulsion prompting mixed biofilm formation may be significantly up-regulating the expression of flhDC, iha, HTA1, and HWP1 genes associated with bacterial motility, adhesion and biofilm formation. For prevention of central venous catheter-associated infections, medical professionals should maintain strict aseptic precautions when handling lipid emulsion and avoid using high concentrations of lipid emulsion for a long time as much as possible. The study provides interesting information for future research in biomaterial related infection.

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Effect of Dermaseptin S4 on C. albicans Growth and EAP1 and HWP1 Gene Expression

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from human BPIFA1 protein protects against Candida albicans infection

A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from human BPIFA1 protein protects against Candida albicans infection

Spiked Nanostructures Disrupt Fungal Biofilm and Impart Increased Sensitivity to Antifungal Treatment

Effects of lipid emulsion on the formation of Escherichia coli –Candida albicans mixed species biofilm on PVC

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