Effect of Dentin Bonding Agents, Various Resin Composites and Curing Modes on Bond Strength to Human Dentin

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of several dentin bonding agents, resin composites and curing modes on push-out bond strength to human dentin. 360 extracted caries-free third molars were prepared, cut into slices, embedded in epoxy resin and perforated centrally. One half of the specimens (180) were treated by using one-step adhesive systems and the other half (180) with multi-step adhesive systems. Subsequently, the cavities were filled with either universal, flowable or bulk-fill resin composite according to the manufactures’ product line and cured with either turbo or soft start program. After storage the push-out test was performed. The data was analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, three- and one-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffé post-hoc test, unpaired two-sample t-test (p < 0.05). The strongest influence on push-out bond strength was exerted by the resin composite type (partial eta squared ηP2 = 0.505, p < 0.001), followed by the adhesive system (ηP2 = 0.138, p < 0.001), while the choice of the curing intensity was not significant (p = 0.465). The effect of the binary or ternary combinations of the three parameters was significant for the combinations resin composite type coupled adhesive system (ηP2 = 0.054, p < 0.001), only. The flowable resin composites showed predominantly mixed, while the universal and bulk-fill resin composite showed adhesive failure types. Cohesive failure types were not observed in any group. Multi-step adhesive systems are preferable to one-step adhesive systems due to their higher bond strength to dentin. Flowable resin composites showed the highest bond strength and should become more important as restoration material especially in cavity lining. The use of a soft start modus for polymerization of resin composites does not enhance the bond strength to dentin.

Assessment of preparation time and 1-year Invisalign aligner attachment survival using flowable and packable composites:

“…Although the first-year damage rate of the FC seemed higher than that of the PC, the results of survival data considering the clustering effect showed no significant difference between the two composites. Although an FC was reported to have higher bond strength than a PC in an in vitro study, 9 it showed similar clinic performances from a 1-year clinical evaluation of an FC and a PC used as an occlusal restorative material. 16 In addition, the bond damage rate and survival time were affected not only by the bond strength but also by patients' habits and diets.…”

“…It has been reported that FCs have a higher bond strength than PCs do. 9 In previous studies, precision of the attachment fit in vitro 10 and surface wear 11 of different composites in the clinic were investigated. However, few studies reported the operating time and attachment damage rate of different materials in CA treatment.…”

Comparative study of three composite materials in bonding attachments for clear aligners

“…The light curing offers the clinical advantage of extended working time, thus promoting precise material placement. However, the curing conditions such as exposure time, mode, energy density and exposure distance could have impact on the mechanical properties of the composite resins 10 . In this study, we performed the light irradiation protocol in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to ensure that the composite resins were fully cured.…”

Microtensile Bond Strength of Fiber-Reinforced and Particulate Filler Composite to Coronal and Pulp Chamber Floor Dentin

“…An earlier study showed that the bond strength to dentin was dependent on the composition of the restorative material [ 41 ] due to mechanical properties [ 42 ] or surface free energy characteristics of composites [ 43 ]. Steiner et al [ 44 ] ascertained that the strongest influence on bond strength was exerted by the resin composite type, followed by the adhesive system, while the choice of the curing intensity was not significant. Therefore, it is essential to collect data about the bond strength of all composite materials becoming available on the market.…”