Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of LC3530 Fe-Based Laser Cladding Coating

Zhang, Xiao; Zhou, Yajun

doi:10.3390/ma12152400

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…They also demonstrated that the low cost of Fe-based amorphous alloys is an advantage [35]. Zhang et al demonstrated that deep cryogenic treatment, applied after laser cladding Fe-based coatings, can significantly enhance the microhardness and wear resistance of such coatings [36].An original technique of laser surface melting of non-ferrous alloys in liquid nitrogen was elaborated and demonstrated by and Cui et al [40]. All these researchers point to the benefits of accelerated cooling and solidification rates due to liquid nitrogen-assisted cooling, which results in refinement of the microstructure.…”

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Hybrid Laser Deposition of Fe-Based Metallic Powder under Cryogenic Conditions

Lisiecki

Ślizak²

2020

Metals

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the novel technique of laser deposition of Fe-based powder under cryogenic conditions provided by a liquid nitrogen bath. Comparative clad layers were produced by conventional laser cladding at free cooling conditions in ambient air and by the developed process combining laser cladding and laser gas nitriding (hybrid) under cryogenic conditions. The influence of process parameters and cooling conditions on the geometry, microstructure, and hardness profiles of the clad layers was determined. The optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and XRD test methods were used to determine the microstructure and phase composition. The results indicate that the proposed technique of forced cooling the substrate in a nitrogen bath during the laser deposition of Fe-based powder is advantageous because it provides favorable geometry of the clad, low dilution, a narrow heat-affected zone, a high hardness and uniform profile on the cross-sections, homogeneity, and refinement of the microstructure. The influence of the forced cooling on microstructure refinement was quantitatively determined by measuring the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS). Additionally, highly dispersed nanometric-sized (200–360 nm) precipitations of complex carbides were identified in interdendritic regions.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid Laser Deposition of Fe-Based Metallic Powder under Cryogenic Conditions

Lisiecki

Ślizak²

2020

Metals

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“…Besides, the crystallographic image is also shown in the Supporting Information (Supporting Information Figure S3–S5). The data show that the three molecules have well‐arranged layer‐by‐layer structures in a specific direction, which is expected to facilitate the diffusion of ions during the charge‐discharge process [21] . The interplanar distance is tested by simulated lattice information and shows that the interplanar space of TT, PT and PX is 0.70 nm, 0.72 nm and 1.01 nm (Supporting Information Figure S6), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Voltage Organic Cathodes for Zinc‐Ion Batteries through Electron Cloud and Solvation Structure Regulation

et al. 2022

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Redox-active organic materials, as a new generation of sustainable resources, are receiving increasing attention in zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) due to their resource abundance and tunable structure. However, organic molecules with high potential are rare, and the voltage of most reported organic cathode-based ZIBs is less than 1.2 V. Herein, we explored the redox process of p-type organics and figured out the relationship between energy change and voltage output during the process. Then, we proposed a dual-step strategy to effectively tune the energy change and eventually improve the output voltage of the organic electrode. Combining the regulation of the electron cloud of organic molecules and the manipulation of the solvation structure, the output voltage of an organosulfur compound based ZIB was greatly increased from 0.8 V to 1.7 V. Our results put forward a specific pathway to improve the working voltage and lay the foundation for the practical application of organic electrodes.

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“…Liquid nitrogen bath providing cryogenic conditions of cooling was also tested by some researchers during laser surface melting or heat treatment, mainly for nonferrous alloys [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Such technique of liquid nitrogen bath cooling of the substrate was adopted and developed by the authors for laser powder deposition of metallic and composite coatings, as demonstrated in several previous publications [1,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Laser Deposition of Composite WC-Ni Layers with Forced Local Cryogenic Cooling

Lisiecki

Ślizak²

2021

Materials

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of forced and localized cooling by nitrogen vapours stream under cryogenic conditions during laser deposition of WC-Ni powder on the geometry, microstructure of clad layers and dry sliding wear resistance of the coatings. For this purpose, comparative tests were performed by conventional laser cladding at free cooling conditions in ambient air and by the developed novel process of laser deposition with additional localized cooling of the solidifying deposit by nitrogen vapours stream. Due to presence of gaseous nitrogen in the region of the melt pool and solidifying deposit, the process was considered as combining laser cladding and laser gas nitriding (performed simultaneously), thus the hybrid process. The influence of the heat input and cooling conditions on the geometrical features, dilution rate, share of carbides relative to the matrix, and the fraction share of carbides, as well as hardness profiles on cross sections of single stringer beads was analysed and presented. The XRD, EDS analysis and the sieve test of the experimental powder were used to characterize the composite WC-Ni type powder. The OM, SEM, EDS and XRD test methods were used to study the microstructure, chemical and phase composition of clad layers. Additionally, ball-on-disc tests were performed to determine the wear resistance of representative coatings under dry sliding conditions. The results indicate that the novel demonstrated technique of localized forced cooling of the solidifying deposit has advantageous effect, because it provides approximately 20% lower penetration depth and dilution, decreases tendency for tungsten carbides decomposition, provides more uniform distribution and higher share of massive eutectic W2C-WC carbides across the coating. While the conventionally laser cladded layers show tendency for decomposition of carbide particles and resolidifying dendritic complex carbides mainly M2C, M3C and M7C3 containing iron, nickel, and tungsten, and with Ni/Ni3B matrix. The quantitative relationship between heat input, cooling conditions and the carbides grain size distribution as well as carbides share in relation to the matrix was determined.

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Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of LC3530 Fe-Based Laser Cladding Coating

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Hybrid Laser Deposition of Fe-Based Metallic Powder under Cryogenic Conditions

Hybrid Laser Deposition of Fe-Based Metallic Powder under Cryogenic Conditions

High‐Voltage Organic Cathodes for Zinc‐Ion Batteries through Electron Cloud and Solvation Structure Regulation

Hybrid Laser Deposition of Composite WC-Ni Layers with Forced Local Cryogenic Cooling

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