Effect of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera ) seed extract as a dietary supplementation on growth performance immunological haematological biochemical parameters of common carp

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effect of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seed (DPS) extract at 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% as a dietary supplement over 60 days, on the growth and immune-physiology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. The weight gain in fish fed with 0.5% DPS was significantly greater than other treatments and fish fed a control diet with no DPS (p < 0.05). With increasing DPS dosage above 0.5%, weight gain and growth rate gradually declined. Feed conversion ratio in fish fed 0.5% DPS was lower than other treatments, but not significantly so, except for the highest DPS concentration (4%). With respect to immunophysiological variables, fish treated with 0.5% DPS leucocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts that were generally equivalent to fish on a control diet, but significantly lower than fish treated with greater concentrations of DPS (p < 0.05). Chemilumincene response and lysozyme activity, as well as levels of total protein and albumin, were higher in all treated groups than the control. The highest levels of iron and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed in fish fed with 0.5% DPS, while the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDH), thyrotropin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine were lower level in fish fed with 0.5% DPS than in all other treatments. In aquaculture practice, use of 0.5% DPS in commercial carp feed can improve the growth rate and condition of fish. K E Y W O R D Scommon carp, date seed extract, growth performance, immunophysiology

Determination of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel extract bio‐active substances and its application in Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) diet: Growth, haemato‐biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology

“…In aquaculture, besides immune stimulants properties, plant extracts have been widely used due to their beneficial impacts on fish growth performance (Mohammadi et al, ; Soltani, Lymbery, Song, & Hosseini Shekarabi, ). Citrus fruit peels extracts are the richest source of flavones and flavonoid, and could improve the immune system and haemato‐biochemical parameters of fish species (Youssef, Youssef, Mousa, & Health, ).…”

Dietary Supplementation with Dried Syzygium cumini Flesh Improved Growth and Physiological Parameters in Hybrid Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × C. gariepinus)

“…The previous report indicated that Pacific white leg shrimp fed the diet containing S. cumini leaf power at 1% for 28 days produced a significant enhancement of growth indices including WG, SGR, and protein efficiency ratio compared with the control (Prabu et al, 2018). Mohammadi et al (2018) found that common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed the diets containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seed extract for 60 days showed a significant improvement in growth parameters and feed utilization efficiency. In this research, the underlying mechanisms of action of herbal plants on the growth of fish are not well understood.…”

“…In this research, the underlying mechanisms of action of herbal plants on the growth of fish are not well understood. Such reports indicated that active compounds found in the plant extracts may potentially improve feed intake, nutrient digestion, metabolism, and absorption capacity of the nutrients by increasing the activities of certain intestinal digestive enzymes (Haghbayan and Mehrgan, 2015;Mohammadi et al, 2018;Sewaka et al, 2019). Furthermore, scientific studies have demonstrated that positive effects of diets supplemented with phytogenic additives would directly induce the expression of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) mRNA in order to promote muscle cell proliferation and differentiation, resulting in a pronounced increase in the growth rate of fish (Sruthi et al, 2018;Ahmadifar et al, 2019).…”

“…However, WBC and platelet count were significantly increased in fish fed 5%DSCF containing diet. It was demonstrated that such phytochemicals could activate hematopoietic tissues to produce a high level of WBC and platelet in fish Abdel-Tawwab et al, 2018;Mohammadi et al, 2018).…”

“…From recent literature, plants have introduced to aquaculture production to improve growth performance, feed intake, and immune stimulation because of the actions of their phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oils, and phenolic compounds (Reverter et al, 2014;Awad and Awaad, 2017;. However, current knowledge on the role of plants in modulating fish growth and health remains controversial (Mohammadi et al, 2018).…”