Effect of Cyclophosphamide on the Cellular Infiltrate in Experimental Allergic Contact Dermatitis

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The effect of systemically administered corticosteroids on allergic and toxic contact dermatitis in the guinea pig was studied. Dermatitis was provoked with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The influence of corticosteroids on the sensitization phase was also investigated. The epicutaneous test reactions were assessed with the naked eye, low-power microscopy, and a method based on the counting of infiltrating cells in the upper corium. Prednisolone injected in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 days starting on the 1st day of sensitization or the 1st day of testing tended to shorten the duration of the contact allergic skin reaction as seen with the naked eye. Microscopically, a decrease in the number of infiltrating basophil granulocytes was found. Prednisolone had no convincing influence on the toxic contact eczematous reaction macroscopically or microscopically. Responses to weakly toxic doses of DNCB tended to fade earlier and to show small displacements of the proportion of granulocytes in the differential count of infiltrating cells compared to controls. The results suggest that prednisolone given systemically influences only slightly the inflammatory cell infiltration in contact dermatitis in the guinea pig.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

The Cellular Infiltrate in Experimental Allergic and Toxic Contact Dermatitis. Effect of Systemically Administered Corticosteroids

Skoog¹,

Groth²

1981

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“…The first is that they constitute a natural part of the contact allergic reaction, the other is that they repre sent a separately acquired type of basophil-rich hy persensitivity. In previous work in our laboratory on the same model, but with dinitrochlorobenzene as al lergen, CY administered 3 days prior to sensitization potentiated the allergic contact reaction macroscopi-cally and the basophil cellular dermal infiltrate in creased markedly [6]. The fact that the allergen was not the same in the two experiments may explain the lack of concordance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Effect of Some Immunomodulating Agents on the Sensitization Phase of Experimental Contact Allergic Reactions

Anderson¹

1986

In an experimental model which allows comparison of the macroscopic changes with the differentiated dermal inflammatory cell infiltrate of the allergic contact reaction to oxazolone in guinea pigs, the effects of single doses of the cytostatic agents cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and azathioprine and the anti-lymphocyte agent cyclosporin A administered prior to sensitization were studied. All the agents tested increased the degree of erythema and edema of reactions compared to controls. The dermal inflammatory mononuclear cell response showed little significant increase and would not seem to explain the enhancement of reactions. The number of basophils in reactions was not significantly different from controls, and there is no evidence for early arrival, degranulation and destruction of basophils prior to our first routine assessment at 24 h. The number of mast cells in the reactions was also unchanged. A role for the latter two cells involving degranulation without changes in the number of cells could provide a possible explanation for the augmentation of the vascular response. A mechanism for the effect of cyclophosphamide other than T-suppressor lymphocyte susceptibility based on selective cytostatic effects on precursor cells may need to be considered.

“…None of the other agents we have tested have been capable of quenching reactions in this fashion. The maximal plasma Cy A concentration is achieved 3-4 h after administration and the plasma half-life of the drug is stated to be 12-40 h [7], In this study, plasma Cy A concentration was determined only at the time of sacrifice. After the single doses, despite the fact that Cy A was not detectable in plasma, clear im munosuppression was seen which, though most pro nounced in the first 24 h after administration (exp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper will present the results of a study on the effects of Cy A on a guinea pig experimental model for the study of the allergic contact (cell-mediated) and the toxic contact (nonspecific inflammatory) reactions which allow comparison of qualitative and quantitative aspects of the dermal inflammatory cell infiltrate with the macroscopic (edema and erythema) response [3][4][5]. We have previously used this model in the investigation of the effects of corticosteroids [6] cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and azathioprine [7][8][9][10] on contact reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of the Allergic Contact Reaction in The Guinea Pig by Cyclosporin A

Anderson¹,

Groth²

1985

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In a study of the effects of cyclosporin A on the allergic contact reaction to oxazolone in the guinea pig, a pronounced ability to suppress redness and edema and the dermal inflammatory cell infiltrate was demonstrated. At the generally recommended (human) organ transplantation immunosuppression dosage (20 mg/kg), a single dose gave no certain effect, but when repeated daily for 3 days, some suppression of the reaction was seen. A single 80 mg/kg dose produced marked suppression of erythema and edema and all components of the dermal cellular infiltrate. This effect was still evident, though less marked, 3 days after administration. The 80 mg/kg dose had no effect on the toxic contact reaction to croton oil. Of the agents we have previously tested (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and azathioprine) with this model, cyclosporin A has by far the most marked capacity to suppress the allergic (cell-mediated) contact reaction, via a mechanism which would appear to involve immunomodulation rather than mere nonspecific anti-inflammatory effects.