Effect of cyclophosphamide on the response of chickens to a virulent strain of Marek's disease virus

Kermani-Arab, Vali; Moll, Thomas; Cho, B R; Davis, William C.; Lu, Yuying

doi:10.1128/iai.12.5.1058-1064.1975

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The effect of the sparing of immunocompetence could explain the results of the studies on the late pathogenic events such as a lower viremia level (experiment 8), prolonged normal blastogenic response to ConA (experiment 7), or lower (experiment 8) or delayed (experiment 7) MD mortality. Those results are comparable to the effects of cyclophosphamide treatment on viremia levels (16,18), blastogenic response to ConA (16,18), and lower mortality (4, 5,16,18). Sharma (29) reported that EBX did not alter the outcome of MD infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…More definitive studies with NBX chickens, which were monitored for the presence of immunoglobulins and antibody production, failed to show bursa-dependent influences on MD (12,22). Chemical bursectomy by treatment of embryos with testosterone propionate (12) or by repeated injections of cyclophosphamide into newly hatched chickens (16) ameliorated MD or at least reduced the viremia levels and delayed the development of MD lesions. Both chemical treatments, however, influence the development of T-cells in addition to eliminating B-cell populations (30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the bursa of Fabricius on the pathogenesis of Marek's disease

Schat¹,

Calnek²,

Fabricant³

1981

Infect Immun

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A series of experiments was conducted to study the influence of embryonal bursectomy (EBX) on the early and late pathogenesis of Marek's disease (MD). The early lytic infection in the lymphoid organs normally associated with oncogenic MD virus infection in intact chickens was not seen in EBX chickens. Therefore, the damage to the immune system was minimal. EBX chickens also had lower viremia levels, higher lymphocyte responses to mitogens, and a lower or delayed MD mortality when compared with intact chickens. Furthermore, it was shown that although vaccination with SB-1 by itself did not protect against a highly virulent MD transplantable tumor, the combination of EBX and vaccination gave significant protection. All these effects could be explained by an enhanced immune response in EBX birds. In contrast, the pathogenesis of nononcogenic MD virus was not influenced by EBX. The possible mechanism(s) involved in these observed effects of EBX on MD pathogenesis are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the bursa of Fabricius on the pathogenesis of Marek's disease

Schat¹,

Calnek²,

Fabricant³

1981

Infect Immun

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“…By using proper doses and appropriate timing of Cy administration, it is possible in experimental infections to selectively deplete immune functions and therefore bring into focus the relative contributions of different components of the immune system (2,3,15,22,32). In the case of C. albicans infections, Cy has been used to study the protective effect of immunoactive substances in severely immunodepressed mice (8,10,40) and to assess the role of B lymphocytes in the acquired resistance (33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between in vivo and in vitro studies of modulation of resistance to experimental Candida albicans infection by cyclophosphamide in mice

Bistoni¹,

Baccarini²,

Blasi³

et al. 1983

Infect Immun

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Mice receiving a single injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) 1 to 6 days before inoculation with viable Candida albicans showed an increased susceptibility to the challenge accompanied by a reduction in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes as well as in spleen cellularity. Several immunological in vitro functions also appeared to be dramatically depressed. Most of these hematological and functional parameters returned to control values by day 9 after cyclophosphamide administration, at a time when resistance to C. albicans infection appeared to be unchanged. However, when exposure to cyclophosphamide occurred 12 to 21 days before inoculation with the live yeast, enhanced resistance was observed with the majority of the animals surviving challenge. To gain some insight into the mechanisms underlying this late increase in resistance to C. albicans infection after cyclophosphamide administration, we analyzed a series of immunological functions, including the in vitro candidacidal activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and plastic-adherent and nonadherent spleen cells as well as the activity of natural killer cells and alloreactive T lymphocytes. The results show that a numerical rebound of blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the appearance of a highly candidacidal cell population in the spleen may be among the factors underlying the late increase in resistance to C. albicans after administration of cyclophosphamide.

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“…However, when tested against in vivo MDV infections, only a few compounds demonstrated effectiveness. These included Ribavirin and Amino-ureidophenylsulphone (AUS) in reducing MDV lesions [ 39 , 42 ]; (ii) dichlorodiphenyldicholoroethane (DDD) in reducing severity of the disease [ 43 ]; Acyclovir in diminishing the development of tumours [ 44 ]; and cyclophosphamide, which delayed and reduced delays in viremia and in the development of lesions [ 45 , 46 ]. Recently, Chinese herbs were also screened for their potential against MD [ 47 ], and baicalin, a flavonoid, was found to inhibit MDV replication and virus infectivity in vitro in CEFs [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Marek’s Disease Virus Replication and Spread by 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol In Vitro

Kamble,

Reddy,

Jackson

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Marek’s disease virus (MDV) causes a deadly lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, resulting in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. It has been suggested that MDV suppresses the induction of type I interferons and thus escapes immune control. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), a gene that encodes an enzyme that catalyses cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), is an interferon-stimulating gene (ISG) known to exert antiviral activities. Other oxysterols, such as 27-hydroxycholesterols (27-HC), have also been shown to exert antiviral activities, and 27-HC is synthesised by the catalysis of cholesterol via the cytochrome P450 enzyme oxidase sterol 27-hydroxylase A1 (CYP27A1). At 24 h post infection (hpi), MDV stimulated a type I interferon (IFN-α) response, which was significantly reduced at 48 and 72 hpi, as detected using the luciferase assay for chicken type I IFNs. Then, using RT-PCR, we demonstrated that chicken type I IFN (IFN-α) upregulates chicken CH25H and CYP27A1 genes in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. In parallel, our results demonstrate a moderate and transient upregulation of CH25H at 48 hpi and CYP27A1 at 72hpi in MDV-infected CEF cells. A significant reduction in MDV titer and plaque sizes was observed in CEFs treated with 25-HC or 27-HC in vitro, as demonstrated using a standard plaque assay for MDV. Taken together, our results suggest that 25-HC and 27-HC may be useful antiviral agents to control MDV replication and spread.

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Effect of cyclophosphamide on the response of chickens to a virulent strain of Marek's disease virus

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Influence of the bursa of Fabricius on the pathogenesis of Marek's disease

Influence of the bursa of Fabricius on the pathogenesis of Marek's disease

Correlation between in vivo and in vitro studies of modulation of resistance to experimental Candida albicans infection by cyclophosphamide in mice

Inhibition of Marek’s Disease Virus Replication and Spread by 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol In Vitro

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