Effect of current glycemic control on qualitative body composition in sedentary ambulatory Type 2 diabetics

Abstract

Background:Obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus are on rise with cause–effect relationship. Diabetics monitor blood sugar, neglecting qualitative body composition, leaving residual threat of ectopic fat unattended. We tried to correlate glycemic triad with parameters of body composition derived objectively by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Materials and Methods:A sample of 78 under treatment sedentary Type 2 diabetics of either sex with known glycemic and lipidemic control from our city. Following baseline assessment measurement was done by instrument Omron Karada Scan (Model HBF-510, China) using the principle of tetra poplar BIA to derive parameters of body composition. We tried to correlate glycemic triad with these parameters, both directly as well as after defining them as per established cutoff norms.Results:We found poor glycemic control in the study group (20% for Hb1AC), high body mass index, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (VF), total body fat (TBF), and lesser mass of skeletal muscle in Type 2 diabetics. However, there were small, insignificant, and inconsistent difference of these parameters while directly correlating with the fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin. On qualitative assessment, the impact of glycemic control as per standard norms, the risk of high VF, high TBF, low skeletal muscle mass was though high (between 1 and 2) in Type 2 diabetics with poor glycemic control as compared to good glycemics, but each strength lacks statistical significance.Conclusion:BIA reveals that Type 2 diabetics have more ectopic fat on expense of skeletal muscle that do not correlate with current glycemic status, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Measurement of body composition can be included and subjects can be motivated for lifestyle modification strategies while managing metabolic derangements of Type 2 diabetes.

Analysis of Change in Body Composition in Diabetic Patients vs non-Diabetic Patients

“…This fact has been seen as a regular finding in most of the studies done on this topic in 2015 and 2016. 7,10 Overall fat deposition in various regions of the body in diabetics due to altered metabolic pathways may be cause of this finding seen as global phenomenon associated with diabetes. Diabetic control was not assessed during this study and number of medications was not considered.…”

“…Solanki et al, wit population prevalence proportion of 80% was sued as reference. 7 Nonprobability consecutive sampling was used to enroll the cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and age and gender matched controls were included from the community.…”

“…5,6 Recent advances in the field of nutrition and metabolic parameters have brought in discussion the concepts of various components of body composition which were not considered in routine previously. 7 Measurement of total body fat, visceral fat, skeletal muscle mass and obesity degree have been under the interest of clinicians, nutritionist and researchers to look for their significance in various metabolic disorders including the diabetes. 8,9 Considerable literature is availablethat link the presence of diabetes mellitus with changes in body composition.…”

The Association of Targeted Gut Microbiota with Body Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Wierzbicka et al demonstrated that the patients with type 1 DM having lower HbA1c levels had elevated lean mass [42]. However, there was no correlation between body composition variables and HbA1c in type 2 DM [43,44]. The relationship between HbA1c and body composition is controversial in patients with DM.…”

Effects of Feedback From Self-Monitoring Devices on Lifestyle Changes in Workers with Diabetes: 3-Month Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

“…The intervention comprised self-monitoring and tailored feedback email messages. We distributed an armband activity monitor (Moveband 2 WMB-02C-K, LB, BR; NTT DoCoMo Inc) [ 31 ], a body composition monitor (HBF-254C; Omron Healthcare Co, Ltd) [ 32 , 33 ], and a blood pressure monitor (HEM-7270C; Omron Healthcare Co, Ltd) [ 32 , 34 ] to the intervention group. Participants were asked to wear the armband activity monitor throughout the day and night except when bathing.…”