Effect of Curcumin on Lifespan, Activity Pattern, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in the Brains of TransgenicDrosophilaModel of Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

Background. A time dependent loss of dopaminergic neurons and the formation of intracellular aggregates of alpha synuclein have been reported in PD model flies. Methods. The progeny (PD flies) expressing human alpha synuclein was exposed to 25, 50, and 100 µM of curcumin mixed in the diet for 24 days. The effect of curcumin was studied on lifespan, activity pattern, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the brains of PD model flies. The activity of PD model flies was monitored by using Drosophila activity monitors (DAMs). For the estimation of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content were estimated in the flies brains of each treated groups. The cell death in Drosophila brain was analyzed by isolating brains in Ringer's solution placing them in 70% ethanol and stained in acridine orange to calculate the gray scale values. Results. The exposure of flies to 25, 50, and 100 µM of curcumin showed a dose dependent significant delay in the loss of activity pattern, reduction in the oxidative stress and apoptosis, and increase in the life span of PD model flies. Conclusion. Curcumin is potent in reducing PD symptoms.

Curcumin induces the apoptosis of A549 cells via oxidative stress and MAPK signaling pathways

“…These changes induced apoptosis and even tissue damage through the mitochondria signaling pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and death receptor pathway (29)(30)(31). Oxidative stress is closely associated with cell apoptosis.…”

Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease models

“…6,13,29,31,67,94,108,122,138,139 Nanocurcumin greatly reduces the oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brain of PD flies. 156 Similarly, an alginate curcumin nanocomposite has a neuroprotective effect in a transgenic Drosophila PD model with reduced oxidative stress and brain cell death. 156 Choice of the delivery systems is more important to enhance the bioavailability of nanocurcumin in the circulatory system and for crossing the blood-brain barrier.…”

“…156 Similarly, an alginate curcumin nanocomposite has a neuroprotective effect in a transgenic Drosophila PD model with reduced oxidative stress and brain cell death. 156 Choice of the delivery systems is more important to enhance the bioavailability of nanocurcumin in the circulatory system and for crossing the blood-brain barrier. 157 For example, curcuminloaded PLGA nanoparticles show enhanced bioavailability compared with other nanodelivery systems.…”

Inhibition effects of tanshinone on the aggregation of α-synuclein

“…1B and C) are the main liposoluble phenanthrenequinonic compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza. [16][17][18] Recently, there have been reports supporting that TAN IIA can prevent the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons based on its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease and that TAN I and TAN IIA can inhibit amyloid aggregation of amyloid-β peptide. 15 In addition, TAN I and TAN IIA share similar structures with curcumin by having two ketone groups and aromatic groups, which has been reported to inhibit α-synuclein aggregation both in vitro and in a Drosophila PD model.…”