Effect of Culm Solidness on the Survival of the Wheat Stem Sawfly1

O’Keeffe, L. E.; Callenbach, J. A.; Lebsock, K. L.

doi:10.1093/jee/53.2.244

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, a recent Montana greenhouse study reported that P‐deficient wheat plants were most susceptible to sawfly damage (Delaney et al, 2010). In a Saskatchewan study, no effects of N or P could be detected due to the strong influence of other environmental factors (DePauw and Read, 1982), which is similar to a North Dakota study that reported significantly more sawfly cutting in fertilized plots in only one of eight experiments (O'Keeffe et al, 1960). The disagreement among these studies underscores the stochastic nature of site‐specific, soil‐plant fertility dynamics.…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

“…The N results of our study agree with Luginbill and McNeal (1954) as the authors reported no effect when N was applied alone at rates of 60 and 120 kg N ha −1 . A study comparing unfertilized spring wheat plots to those with basal rates of approximately 40 kg N ha −1 also report little effect from fertilization (O'Keeffe et al, 1960), and DePauw and Read (1982) reported that environmental factors were more important for pith expression than fertility management practices. Environmental factors that would affect pith expression are those related to precipitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of solid-stemmed cultivars helps mitigate crop losses and can also aff ect the survivorship of C. cinctus. The mechanical pressure of developing pith in a solid stem can result in mortality of the egg (Holmes and Peterson, 1961), and the boring activity of larvae that do hatch can be restricted, creating negative eff ects to health, fi tness, and survivorship (Cárcamo et al, 2005;O'Keeff e et al, 1960). Therefore, the effi cacy of "resistance" is based on the plant's ability to develop pith in the culm of the stem, which is infl uenced greatly by interactions between the genotype and the environment in which it is grown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Seeding Rate, Nitrogen Management, and Micronutrient Blend Applications on Pith Expression in Solid‐Stemmed Spring Wheat

Beres

McKenzie²,

Cárcamo

et al. 2012

Crop Science

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The wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton [Hymenoptera: Cephidae]) is a serious threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other cereal grains in the northern Great Plains. Wheat cultivars with high expression of pith in the culm of the stem (stem solidity) can minimize losses associated with sawfly infestations and subsequent stem boring of the larva. Based on the widespread area now sown to solid‐stemmed wheat, our objective was to develop an integrated nutrient and planting strategy specific to solid‐stemmed spring wheat using modern farming techniques. Five levels of banded N fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha−1) were arranged in a factorial combination with three levels of sowing density (100, 300, and 500 seeds m−2) and grown at three sites in southern Alberta, Canada, from 2007 to 2009. Increased planting densities optimized yield, but an inverse relationship with pith expression (stem solidness) was observed. Low plant populations (100 seeds m−2) were often most effective at maximizing pith expression in solid‐stemmed wheat and reducing sawfly cutting damage. However, this usually required the highest rates of N fertilizer, so a system of low seeding rates and high N may not be economical based on fertilizer input costs and the generally lower grain yield response (−9%). An integrated planting and nutrient strategy for solid‐stemmed spring wheat cultivars consists of seeding rates no greater than 300 seeds m−2 and basal N applications in the range of 30 to 60 kg N ha−1.

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supporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Seeding Rate, Nitrogen Management, and Micronutrient Blend Applications on Pith Expression in Solid‐Stemmed Spring Wheat

Beres

McKenzie²,

Cárcamo

et al. 2012

Crop Science

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“…The stems were cross sectionally cut in the center of five internodes. The level of pith in each internode was rated on a previously established scale ranging from 1 to 5; 1 was considered hollow and 5 was solid (O'Keefe et al, 1960; Wallace et al, 1973). Ratings for each of the five internodes were summed providing a total stem solidness score ranging from 5 (hollow) to 25 (solid) for each stem.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Microsatellite Markers Associated with a Stem Solidness Locus in Wheat

Wichman²,

et al. 2004

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Wheat stem sawfly (WSS), Cephus cinctus N., is a major insect pest of winter and spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in areas of the northern Great Plains. The primary control measure is use of resistant cultivars containing solid stems. Environmental effects on expression of the trait can be problematic, thus genetic markers would be useful. In this study, a doubled haploid (DH) winter wheat population derived from a ‘Rampart’ (solid stems) × ‘Jerry’ (hollow stems) cross was analyzed to identify molecular markers linked to genes controlling stem solidness. The DH population was genotyped with GWM and BARC microsatellite primers that spanned the wheat genome. To genotype the population efficiently, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify polymorphism between groups of solid stem and hollow stem individuals. Four microsatellite markers (GWM247, GWM340, GWM547, and BARC77) were found linked to a single solid stem QTL (designate Qss.msub‐3BL) on chromosome 3BL. However GWM247, GWM340, and GWM547 were found to be more closely linked to the QTL than BARC77. Single marker analysis showed Qss.msub‐3BL contributes at least 76% of the total variation for stem solidness. Additionally, no significant relationship existed between Qss.msub‐3BL and other agronomic traits, including yield. These microsatellite markers (GWM247, GWM340, and GWM547) will be useful for selecting solid‐stemmed wheat cultivars to help control the wheat stem sawfly.

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“…Pith developing in a solid stem is a key source of mortality in the egg (Holmes and Peterson 1961) and larval stages, causing the greatest amount of irreplaceable mortality in solid stem wheat (Buteler et al 2015). The boring activity of larvae that do survive can be restricted, creating negative effects on the fitness and survivorship of the insect (O'Keeffe et al 1960;Cárcamo et al 2005). Thus, the efficacy of the plant's resistance is based on its ability to develop pith in the culm of the stem, which is influenced greatly by interactions between the genotype and local environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Artificial Neural Network Model to Predict Wheat Stem Sawfly Cutting in Solid-Stemmed Wheat Cultivars

et al. 2017

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The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the northern Great Plains of North America. The use of solid-stemmed cultivars helps mitigate crop losses and can also affect the survivorship of C. cinctus. The efficacy of a plant's resistance is based on its ability to develop pith in the culm of the stem, which is influenced greatly by interactions between the genotype and environment. Precipitation-related weather interacts with photoperiod to reduce pith expression in solid-stemmed wheat. A model that predicts pith expression could serve as a management tool to prevent losses by alerting producers if in-season precipitation patterns have caused less than ideal pith expression in a cultivar. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are used to make predictions for complex, non-linear systems with many co-related variables. Our objective was to improve upon past models that used regression analyses by deploying an ANN model to predict in-season stem cutting of wheat by wheat stem sawfly. Results indicate that stem cutting is influenced by the precipitation within a 5 wk period from 1 June to 5 July. These results were successfully deployed in a model that should assist with predictions of potential late season stem cutting. Deployment of this ANN model as a transferable executable file may facilitate predictions of stem cutting by wheat stem sawfly in any given year, which will empower producers to implement the appropriate harvest management strategies to reduce losses.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., host plant, bread wheat, solid-stemmed, sawfly, Cephus cinctus.Résumé : Dans le nord des grandes plaines nord-américaines, le cèphe du blé, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), est un important ravageur du blé (Triticum aestivum L.). L'usage de cultivars à tige pleine concourt à atténuer les pertes et peut affecter la capacité de survie de l'insecte. La plante résiste dans la mesure où elle réussit à produire de la moelle dans la tige, propriété qui subit considérablement l'influence des interactions entre le génotype et l'environnement. Un temps pluvieux modifiera la photopériode, ce qui réduira la synthèse de moelle chez les variétés à tige pleine. Un modèle qui prévoirait la production de moelle aurait son utilité en agronomie, car on pourrait alors éviter des pertes en signalant aux cultivateurs si les précipitations saisonnières engendrent une production insuffisante de moelle chez tel ou tel cultivar. On se sert des modèles à réseau neuronal artificiel (RNA) pour formuler des prévisions sur les systèmes complexes, non linéaires, comportant de nombreuses variables apparentées. Les auteurs voulaient améliorer les anciens modèles de prévision reposant sur l'analyse par régression en recourant à un modèle RNA pour établir l'importance des dommages causés par le cèphe au blé durant la période végétative. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que ces dommages sont influencés For personal use only.par l'intensité des précipitati...

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Effect of Culm Solidness on the Survival of the Wheat Stem Sawfly1

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Seeding Rate, Nitrogen Management, and Micronutrient Blend Applications on Pith Expression in Solid‐Stemmed Spring Wheat

Influence of Seeding Rate, Nitrogen Management, and Micronutrient Blend Applications on Pith Expression in Solid‐Stemmed Spring Wheat

Identification of Microsatellite Markers Associated with a Stem Solidness Locus in Wheat

An Artificial Neural Network Model to Predict Wheat Stem Sawfly Cutting in Solid-Stemmed Wheat Cultivars

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