Effect of crystallinity on CF/PPS performance under weather exposure: Moisture, salt fog and UV radiation

Abstract

The crystalline content of a composite can affect its performance under environmental conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the crystallinity degree of CF/PPS composites to hygrothermal, salt fog and ultraviolet/condensation conditioning. DSC and DMA results, and Young's modulus and ILSS values were used to evaluate the changes in the thermal and mechanical properties of CF/PPS composites after conditioning. The crystallinity degree showed to affect the water uptake and the severity of degradation. Differences up to 40% were found among the mechanical properties values depending on the crystallinity. In the hygrothermal and salt fog conditioning the least crystalline laminates were mostly degraded. In contrast, in the ultraviolet/condensation conditioning the composites with the highest crystalline contents were more affected.

Overall Investigation of Poly (Phenylene Sulfide) from Synthesis and Process to Applications—A Review

“…PPS is a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer and similar to all semicrystalline polymers, its morphology consists of amorphous and crystalline phases . In this section, we discuss the morphology of PPS from the following seven parts: 1) formation of the crystalline phase and spherulites, 2) kinetics of crystallization and kinetic models, 3) effect of the nucleating agent and thermal history (e.g., curing or annealing), 4) effect of fibers in the case of composites, 5) trans‐crystallization, and 6) the relation between the crystalline phase and mechanical properties, as well as 7) thermal treatment effect on crystallization.…”

The effect of temperature on fatigue strength of poly(ether‐imide)/multiwalled carbon nanotube/carbon fibers composites for aeronautical application

“…Besides, the UV and water condensation acted synergistically into the laminates, causing the formation of microcracks due to water absorption and swelling that was accelerated by UV degradation. [40,66] After the mechanical tests, the fracture surface was analyzed by optical microscopy and the images are presented in Figures 11 and 12. The fracture on both images is indicated by red arrows.…”

“…Both conditions can weaken the matrix properties, as well as the interfacial adhesion between polymer and fibers, revealing irreversible changes in the material. [40,41] The ultraviolet radiation promotes the degradation by photo and thermooxidative reactions, whereas in hygrothermal aging the moisture is introduced preferential in the matrix and/or fiber-matrix interface since the carbon fibers do not absorb moisture. Besides, microcracks and microvoids can be introduced into the laminate by the diffusion of water molecules.…”

“…Water interacts with both polymer matrix and fibers, especially in the interfacial zone, causing the degradation of the properties of the composites. [40,[42][43][44] In this article, the influence of the incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the fatigue strength of the PEI/CF composite submitted to low (−40 C), room (20 C), and high temperature (80 C) was evaluated. Also, the effect of carbon nanotubes on the interlaminar fracture strength through ILSS and CST exposed to hygrothermal aging and ultraviolet radiation was investigated.…”

Reversible and Irreversible Color Change during Photo and Thermal Degradation of PolyphenyleneSulfide Composite

“…Expansion of the spheres of PPS use, particularly in aerospace engineering, has stimulated investigations of the effects of the external factors on changes in the properties of composite materials based on PPS [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. Glass and carbon fibers [11,12,13,14,15,16,17] and nanoparticles [18,19,20,21,22,23,24] are commonly used as active fillers. Materials based on mixtures of PPS with other polymers [25,27] are of particular interest.…”